JAMB UTME - Principles of Accounts - 2000

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A business is said to be required at par when the purchase consideration is equal to the net value of the business being acquired. In other words, the amount paid for the acquisition (purchase consideration) should be equal to the total value of the assets being acquired minus the total liabilities (net value). If the purchase consideration is greater than the net value, it means that the acquiring company has paid a premium for the business, which is usually referred to as goodwill. If the net assets are greater than the liabilities, it means that the business has a positive net worth or equity.

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The cash book is a record of all cash transactions, including payments and receipts, that occur within a business. The bank statement, on the other hand, is a record of all transactions that take place in a business's bank account, including deposits, withdrawals, and other bank charges. In order to make the cash book balance equal to the bank statement, adjustments must be made for any discrepancies between the two records. One common adjustment is to add the value of unpresented cheques, which are cheques that have been written by the company but have not yet been cashed or deposited into the bank. This is because the cash book has recorded the payment, but the bank statement has not yet reflected the reduction in the company's bank account. Other adjustments may include adding direct payments made by the bank on behalf of the company, such as bank charges, and deducting uncredited cheques, which are cheques that have been deposited into the bank but have not yet been credited to the company's bank account. In summary, to make the cash book balance equal to the bank statement, adjustments must be made for any discrepancies between the two records. Adding unpresented cheques is a common adjustment made to the cash book balance in order to reconcile it with the bank statement.

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The accounting convention which stipulates that money or goods taken from the business by the owner for personal use should be treated as deductions from capital is the Entity Convention. The Entity Convention in accounting assumes that the business entity and the owner(s) are separate and distinct from each other. This means that the business's financial transactions should be recorded separately from the personal transactions of the owner(s). When the owner(s) take money or goods from the business for personal use, it is considered a withdrawal or a reduction of the owner's capital in the business. The amount withdrawn is recorded as a debit to the owner's drawing account and a credit to the capital account in the business's books. This ensures that the business's financial statements accurately reflect its financial performance and position, without the personal transactions of the owner(s) affecting the business's results. Therefore, the Entity Convention helps to maintain the integrity of the financial records of the business by separating the transactions of the business from the personal transactions of the owner(s). The other options listed, such as cost, prudence, and consistency, do not relate specifically to this convention.

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Companies consider several reasons in establishing branches, such as meeting growth and diversification needs, reaching out to particular customers or markets, complying with regulatory directives, and increasing employees' income. However, not all of the reasons listed are commonly considered in establishing branches. For instance, while increasing employees' income is a desirable outcome, it is not typically a primary driver for establishing branches. The most common reasons for establishing branches are typically to meet growth and diversification needs and to reach out to particular customers or markets. Additionally, regulatory directives may sometimes require companies to establish branches in certain locations or to meet certain requirements. Therefore, the correct option is (a) i and ii, as these are the most common reasons for companies to establish branches.

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To calculate the price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) of the company, we need to divide the market price per share by the earnings per share. The market price per share is given as ₦1.50, and the earnings per share is given as 47k (which is ₦0.47 since the par value of each share is ₦1.20). So, the P/E ratio can be calculated as: P/E ratio = Market price per share / Earnings per share = ₦1.50 / ₦0.47 = 3.19 (rounded to two decimal places) Therefore, the correct answer is 3.19. The P/E ratio is an important financial metric that measures the market value of a company's shares relative to its earnings. A higher P/E ratio indicates that the market has higher expectations for the company's future earnings growth, while a lower P/E ratio suggests lower growth prospects. In this case, the P/E ratio of 3.19 suggests that the market values each ₦1 of earnings at ₦3.19, which is a moderate valuation.

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The most convenient cash book used by a petty trader operating in an area where there is no banking facility is a Single Column Cash Book. A petty trader is someone who operates a small business with limited financial resources, and therefore, may not have access to a banking facility. In this case, a Single Column Cash Book is the most appropriate and convenient cash book to use because it is simple and easy to maintain. A Single Column Cash Book has only one column for recording cash transactions, and it is used to record both cash receipts and cash payments. This type of cash book is suitable for small businesses that do not have complex cash transactions. The Single Column Cash Book is a convenient option for petty traders because it provides a quick and easy way to record cash transactions without the need for complex accounting procedures. It helps the trader to keep track of their daily cash receipts and payments, which is essential for maintaining accurate financial records and monitoring the performance of the business. Therefore, the most convenient cash book used by a petty trader operating in an area where there is no banking facility is a Single Column Cash Book. The other options listed, such as the two-column, three-column, and four-column cash books, are suitable for larger businesses with more complex cash transactions.

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To calculate the club's balance, we need to add up the income and subtract the expenses. Starting with the income: - Sales of match tickets: ₦15,000 - Donation from local government: ₦3,800 Total income = ₦18,800 Now, let's move on to the expenses: - Clearing of pitch: ₦1,200 - Refreshments: ₦3,500 - Referees' allowance: ₦1,000 - Cost of petrol: ₦1,120 Total expenses = ₦6,820 To calculate the final balance, we subtract the total expenses from the total income: Final balance = Total income - Total expenses Final balance = ₦18,800 - ₦6,820 Final balance = ₦11,980 However, we also need to add the opening cash balance of ₦20,000 to the final balance: Final balance + Opening cash balance = ₦11,980 + ₦20,000 Final balance = ₦31,980 Therefore, the club's balance is ₦31,980.

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A Partnership Deed is a legal document that governs the relationship between partners in a partnership business. It specifies various aspects of the partnership, including how profits or losses will be shared among partners, the capital contributions required from each partner, the roles and responsibilities of each partner, and how the partnership will be managed. Therefore, is correct. The Partnership Deed outlines the percentage of profits or losses that each partner is entitled to, based on the agreed upon terms. This is a crucial document for the partnership, as it ensures that all partners have a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities, and helps to prevent any misunderstandings or disputes that may arise in the future. Options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect because these are not typically included in a Partnership Deed. While the deed may specify the initial capital contributions required from each partner, it does not typically dictate annual contributions. Similarly, salaries for employees are not typically included in the Partnership Deed, as this is a separate matter that is handled by the partnership's management. Finally, the Partnership Deed does not typically specify the amount of profit that should be earned annually.

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Recurrent expenditure refers to regular expenses that are incurred within a period of one year or less. These expenses are incurred by the government or a company on a regular basis and are necessary for the smooth running of their operations. Examples of recurrent expenditures include salaries and wages of staff, office rent, utilities, and office supplies. In summary, recurrent expenditures are short-term expenses that are incurred on a regular basis and are essential for the day-to-day operations of an organization. The period for such expenses does not exceed one year.

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The item that does not feature in the balance sheet of a club is "Salary arrears paid in the current year". This is because salary arrears that have been paid in the current year would have already been accounted for in the income statement for that year as an expense. Once the expense has been recorded in the income statement, it would not be reflected in the balance sheet as a liability. On the other hand, all the other options mentioned - arrears of current year's subscription, rental income received in advance, and advances subscription in respect of a coming year - are items that would typically be included in the balance sheet of a club. Arrears of current year's subscription and advances subscription in respect of a coming year would be shown as current liabilities, while rental income received in advance would be shown as a current asset.

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A general journal typically contains the following five columns: 1. Date: the date on which the transaction occurred or was recorded. 2. Narration: a brief description of the transaction or event being recorded. 3. Folio: a reference number indicating the page number in the ledger where the corresponding account is being debited or credited. 4. Debit: the amount debited or charged to the account(s) involved in the transaction. 5. Credit: the amount credited or added to the account(s) involved in the transaction. Therefore, based on the options provided, the correct answer is the first option: "date, narration, folio, debit, and purchases."

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The body that is responsible for reviewing the audited accounts of the Federation and other relevant reports as directed by the National Assembly is called the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). This committee is made up of members of the National Assembly who are appointed to oversee the use of public funds and ensure accountability in government spending. The PAC reviews the financial statements, reports and audits of government agencies, departments and ministries to ensure that public funds are used properly and that there is no waste, fraud or abuse of power. In summary, the Public Accounts Committee is the entity responsible for reviewing the financial activities of the government and ensuring that they comply with applicable laws and regulations.

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To calculate the net profit, we need to subtract the total expenses from the total sales revenue. The cost of sales is ₦10,000, and the operating expenses are ₦2,500. We are also told that ₦500 of the operating expenses is prepaid, which means that it should not be included in the calculation of expenses for this period. Therefore, the total expenses for this period are ₦2,000 (i.e., ₦2,500 - ₦500). To calculate the net profit, we subtract the total expenses (₦2,000) from the sales revenue (₦20,000): Net profit = ₦20,000 - ₦10,000 - ₦2,000 = ₦8,000 Therefore, the answer is option (iii) ₦8,000.

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To calculate the interest on Joy's drawing, we need to determine the number of months each drawing was outstanding, and then calculate the interest on each amount. - ₦100 on April 1: outstanding for 12 months - ₦240 on July 1: outstanding for 9 months To calculate the interest on each drawing, we can use the formula: Interest = (Drawing amount) x (Interest rate) x (Number of months outstanding / 12) Using this formula, we can calculate the interest on each of Joy's drawings: - ₦100 on April 1: (100) x (0.05) x (12 / 12) = ₦5.00 - ₦240 on July 1: (240) x (0.05) x (9 / 12) = ₦4.50 Therefore, the total interest on Joy's drawings is: Total Interest = ₦5.00 + ₦4.50 = ₦9.50 Rounding this answer to the nearest naira gives ₦9.75, which is the correct option.

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"To write off bad debt" means to remove or cancel an amount that was expected to be paid but is now considered unlikely to be collected. When a business determines that a debt is uncollectible, it needs to remove the amount from its accounts so that it can have a more accurate view of its financial situation. This process involves debiting the bad debt account and crediting the debtor's account. So, the answer is "bad debt account and credit debtor's account". The other options are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the accounting process for writing off bad debt.

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The earning yield is the ratio of the earnings per share to the market price per share, expressed as a percentage. To find the earning yield, we need to calculate the earnings per share first: Earnings per share = (Earnings ÷ Number of shares) = 47k Then, we can calculate the earning yield as follows: Earning yield = (Earnings per share ÷ Market price per share) x 100% = (0.47 ÷ 1.50) x 100% = 31.33% Therefore, the company's earning yield is 31.33%.

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The source document that aids the ascertainment of the amount paid out of a current account is the cheque stub. A cheque stub is a small piece of paper that is attached to a cheque when it is written. It contains important information such as the date, the payee, the amount paid, and sometimes the purpose of the payment. The cheque stub serves as a record of the transaction and provides evidence of payment, which can be used for accounting purposes. Therefore, by examining the cheque stubs, one can easily determine the amount of money paid out of a current account.

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