JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2007

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In Ahmed Yerima's play, Attahiru, Lugard describes the battle between the white man and the Sokoto Caliphate as "One between superior and inferior powers." This suggests that Lugard sees the white man as a superior power compared to the Sokoto Caliphate, which he views as an inferior power. He believes that the white man has superior military technology, strategy, and resources, which give him an advantage in the battle. By describing the battle in this way, Lugard justifies the actions of the white man and portrays the Sokoto Caliphate as weak and inferior. Therefore, the answer to this question is "One between superior and inferior powers."

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In the play "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare, the two revenge plots that revolve around are Hamlet's revenge against his uncle Claudius for killing his father, and Laertes' revenge against Hamlet for killing his father Polonius. These two revenge plots are the main driving force behind the actions of the characters and the plot of the play.

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In the poem "Serenade," the concern of the poet is to appeal to the lady in question. The poem is a love poem in which the speaker expresses his desire and admiration for the lady, using romantic imagery and language to convey his feelings. The poem is not about boasting about wealth, examining the gloomy side of marriage, or expressing the lady's sense of grief. Instead, the poem is a celebration of love and desire, and an expression of the power of romantic attraction. The poet's concern is to persuade and woo the lady, to win her heart and her love, and to convince her of his sincerity and devotion.

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In William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Queen Gertrude dies from drinking poisoned wine. The wine was intended for Hamlet, but she unknowingly drank it and suffered its deadly consequences.

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Monometer is a poetic term that refers to a line of verse consisting of a single metrical foot. In other words, a monometer is a line of poetry that contains only one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables. It is the shortest metrical line in poetry and is not commonly used in traditional forms of poetry.

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In Milton's "On His Blindness," the poet's attitude towards his blindness is one of fortitude. Although the poet mourns the loss of his sight and the limitations it places on his life, he ultimately accepts his situation and finds solace in his faith. The poem explores themes of loss, struggle, and redemption, and ultimately suggests that even in the face of adversity, one can find meaning and purpose in life. The poet's attitude is not one of anger or apathy, but rather one of acceptance and determination to persevere despite his physical limitations.

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In this excerpt from William Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, the effects which Claudius is still possessed of are the crown and the queen. Claudius is expressing regret for his foul murder but also acknowledges that he cannot ask for forgiveness since he is still enjoying the benefits of his crime. He is still the king and married to the queen, who was previously married to his brother, King Hamlet, whom he murdered. Therefore, the answer to this question is "the crown and the queen."

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The quality in a literary work which evokes tenderness, pity, or sorrow is called "pathos". It is an emotional appeal that aims to move the audience and make them feel sympathetic towards the characters or the situation described in the work. It can be achieved through the use of various literary devices such as vivid imagery, powerful metaphors, and poignant language. The term "pathos" is derived from the Greek word "pathos", meaning "suffering" or "experience".

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The part of a play when the climax approaches is known as the catastasis. The catastasis is the fourth part of a five-part plot structure that is commonly used in drama. It is the point in the plot where the action reaches its highest tension and the conflict is at its most intense. This is the moment when the protagonist and antagonist are engaged in their final struggle, and the outcome of the story is about to be decided. The catastasis is followed by the fifth part of the plot, which is the resolution or denouement, where the conflict is resolved, and the story is brought to a close. Therefore, if a play is approaching its climax, it can be said that it is in the catastasis.

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The device used in the given line "I will pronounce your name, Obi, I will declaim you, Obi!" is repetition. Repetition is a literary device that involves repeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis or to create rhythm. In this line, the name "Obi" is repeated twice for emphasis, to emphasize the importance and significance of the name.

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In the excerpt, "his silver hairs" refers to old age. The speaker is saying that they should include this older man in their plans because his age and experience will give them a good reputation and make others praise their actions. The reference to his "silver hairs" is a poetic way of describing his advanced age and the respect that comes with it. It suggests that he has lived a long life and gained wisdom, and his presence will add gravity and credibility to their endeavors.

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The language of the speaker above is submissive. The speaker uses phrases such as "Open all your ears," "May Allah grant us the fortitude to accept his commands," and "I am willing to accept Allah's will in the matter," which suggest a humble and obedient tone. The speaker is submitting to Allah's will and calling upon the listeners to do the same.

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In Clark's "Agbor Dancer," the poet watches the dancer with nostalgia. This means that the poet is experiencing a feeling of wistful or sentimental longing for a time or place in the past. The poem describes the dance as an ancient ritual that connects the people to their ancestors and their cultural heritage. The poet feels a sense of longing for this connection and the traditions of his people, which he sees in the dancer's movements. The use of words such as "lost," "ghosts," and "shadows" suggests that the poet is mourning the loss of this connection and is trying to recapture it through the performance of the dance. Overall, the poem portrays a deep sense of nostalgia for a culture that is being lost or forgotten.

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The correct answer is "anagnorisis". Anagnorisis refers to the moment of recognition or discovery, often in tragedy, when a character realizes the truth about their situation or themselves. It is the point in the story when ignorance gives way to knowledge. This can lead to a reversal of fortune, and often contributes to the tragic nature of the work.

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Ahmed Yerima's play, Attahiru, is about resistance to British administration. The play is set in the early 20th century in what is now northern Nigeria and is based on the historical figure of Attahiru, a leader of the Sokoto Caliphate who led a resistance movement against the British colonial administration. The play portrays Attahiru and his followers as heroic figures fighting against a powerful and oppressive force. Through the characters' speeches and actions, the play explores themes of power, identity, and the struggle for liberation from colonial rule. Overall, the play is a powerful depiction of the resistance movements that emerged in Africa during the colonial period.

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Enjambment in Cheney-Coker's Myopia emphasizes the distressed mood of the persona. Enjambment refers to the technique of carrying the sense of a phrase or a sentence over the end of a line or stanza into the next without a syntactical break. In the poem, the enjambment creates a feeling of unease and disruption that mirrors the persona's own sense of unease and distress. It also adds to the overall sense of tension and urgency in the poem, emphasizing the psychological turmoil of the persona.

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In Ayi Kwei Armah's Fragments, Naana opposes the outdooring ceremony of Araba's child because she believes that the child is still in the custody of the spirits and that holding the ceremony would anger the spirits. She believes that it is important to wait until the child is older and stronger before holding such a ceremony.

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The use of 'we' in Odia Ofeimuun's poem "We Must Learn Again to Fly" gives the poem a universal appeal. By using 'we', the speaker is addressing a collective group of people, rather than a specific individual, race, or gender. This suggests that the message of the poem is not limited to a particular group but applies to all human beings. The use of 'we' creates a sense of inclusivity and a shared experience, making it easier for readers to relate to the poem's themes and message. Therefore, the answer to this question is the 'universal appeal.'

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The speaker in the excerpt is a cobbler. A cobbler is a person who repairs shoes, and in the excerpt, the speaker says that all he does is work with an awl (a tool used for making holes in leather) and fix shoes. He also mentions that he does not involve himself in other people's affairs, but when it comes to shoes that are in great danger, he is like a surgeon who can bring them back to life. Therefore, it can be concluded that the speaker is a cobbler.

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In Senghor's "I will pronounce Your Name," the word "cinnamon" is significant for its olfactory image. This means that the word is used to create a sensory impression related to the sense of smell. The use of the word "cinnamon" evokes a warm, spicy, and sweet aroma that is associated with comfort, pleasure, and intimacy. This image reinforces the speaker's affectionate and reverent tone towards the addressee, which is further emphasized by other sensory images throughout the poem. Therefore, the answer is option C, olfactory image.

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