JAMB UTME - Christian Religious Studies - 1998

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James asked the question "Is it not the rich who oppress you, is it not they who drag you into court?" in his teachings on impartiality. In the New Testament, James was concerned with promoting fair treatment and justice for all people, regardless of their social status. He criticized the wealthy for using their power to oppress and exploit the poor, and urged his followers to show no favoritism towards the rich. In the passage where James asks this question, he is warning his readers against showing partiality and reminding them that true faith is demonstrated by caring for the needy and oppressed. Therefore, James' teachings were focused on promoting impartiality and fairness towards all people.

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The statement is made to teach about the dignity of labor. It commands believers to stay away from those who are living in idleness, implying that they should engage in productive work instead. This encourages people to take pride in their work and not be lazy, as work is important for personal growth and development, as well as contributing to the well-being of society as a whole. The statement also suggests that people who are idle are not following the example of Jesus Christ, who himself worked diligently as a carpenter before starting his ministry.

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In the passage, the word "custodian" refers to the law. The verse is saying that with the coming of faith, we are no longer under the authority or supervision of the law. In the context of the passage, the law is described as a "custodian" or a "tutor," which means it was a temporary guide or supervisor until the coming of faith. The verse suggests that the purpose of the law was to guide people towards faith, but now that faith has come, we no longer need the law as a guide. This passage is emphasizing the importance of faith and the freedom that it brings from the restrictions of the law.

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Paul, writing to the Philippians, said that God highly exalted Christ and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name because He was obedient and humble. In Philippians, Paul describes Jesus as willingly submitting to God's plan, even to the point of death on a cross. It was because of this obedience and humility that God exalted Him and gave Him a name above every name. This name represents Jesus' authority and power, and reflects His unique relationship with God the Father. By emphasizing Jesus' humility and obedience, Paul encourages the Philippians to follow Jesus' example and to humble themselves before others, just as Christ humbled Himself before God.

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According to the Gospel of Matthew, the first two disciples to be called by Jesus were Peter and Andrew. In Matthew 4:18-20, Jesus was walking by the Sea of Galilee when he saw Peter and Andrew fishing. He called out to them, "Come, follow me, and I will make you fishers of men." Immediately, they left their nets and followed him.

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Jesus promised that the pure at heart will see God. This means that those who have a clean and righteous heart will have the privilege of being in the presence of God and experiencing His glory. They will have a special relationship with God and will be able to understand His will and purposes. This promise is not only for the future, but it also has a present reality as the pure in heart have an intimate experience of God's presence and guidance in their daily lives.

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According to Paul, the second coming of Jesus Christ will be preceded by the coming of the man of lawlessness. Paul describes this man as one who will oppose and exalt himself above every so-called god or object of worship, and will take his seat in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God. This man of lawlessness represents a powerful force of evil that will deceive many people and lead them away from the truth. However, Paul also notes that this man's power will be ultimately destroyed by the coming of Jesus Christ, who will overthrow him with the breath of his mouth and the brightness of his coming. Therefore, Christians should be aware of the signs of the man of lawlessness and be prepared for the return of Jesus Christ.

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God commanded the earth to bring forth living creatures according to their kinds on the 6th day.

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The prophet who was consecrated and appointed before he was born was Jeremiah. Before he was even conceived, God had already set him apart to be a prophet to the nations. This is recorded in Jeremiah 1:5, where God says to Jeremiah, "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, before you were born I set you apart; I appointed you as a prophet to the nations." This shows that God has a plan for each person's life, and that He can call and equip them for a specific purpose from before they were even born. Therefore, Jeremiah's calling as a prophet was not something he achieved through his own efforts, but rather a divine appointment that he was entrusted with from the beginning of his life.

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The resolution of the Jerusalem council was that the Gentiles should abstain from food offered to idols, blood, what is strangled, and unchastity. At the time, there was a debate within the early church about whether Gentile converts to Christianity needed to follow Jewish laws and customs, such as circumcision and dietary restrictions. The council, which included apostles and elders, came together to discuss this issue and ultimately decided that Gentiles did not need to become Jews in order to follow Christ. However, they did establish certain guidelines for Gentile believers to follow, including abstaining from food sacrificed to idols, blood, what is strangled (meat that has not been properly drained of its blood), and sexual immorality. These guidelines were intended to help the Jewish and Gentile believers coexist peacefully within the church while maintaining the integrity of their respective cultural and religious practices.

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According to the book of Matthew in the Bible, when Christ was arrested, he was led to Caiaphas. Caiaphas was the high priest at the time, and he was the one who ultimately sentenced Jesus to death. After Jesus was arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane, he was brought before Caiaphas and the other Jewish leaders for questioning. They accused him of blasphemy and sought to put him to death. Caiaphas was the one who asked Jesus if he was the Messiah, and when Jesus responded affirmatively, Caiaphas accused him of blasphemy and sentenced him to death. The book of Matthew emphasizes the role of Caiaphas and the Jewish leaders in Jesus' trial and crucifixion, highlighting their rejection of him as the Messiah and their complicity in his death.

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According to Paul, spiritual gifts should be used for the edification of the church. This means that the gifts should be used to build up and strengthen the members of the church spiritually, mentally, and emotionally. The purpose of the gifts is to help believers grow in their faith and to create a unified community within the church. While the use of spiritual gifts can indirectly uplift individuals in the church and potentially contribute to the upliftment of the broader community, the primary focus is on the building up of the church body.

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The passage is referring to the role of rulers or authorities in society. It suggests that these rulers are meant to punish those who engage in bad conduct, not those who do good. Therefore, Christians are encouraged to do good, since they would not be punished by rulers for doing so. The passage does not specifically mention any rewards or punishments for Christians, but it does suggest that they should strive to do good and follow God's teachings. Therefore, option A, receive their approval, would be the most appropriate answer.

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Hosea accused Israel of harlotry because the people had turned away from God and were worshipping other gods. Hosea was a prophet who spoke to the people of Israel during a time of spiritual decline and moral decay. He used the metaphor of harlotry to describe Israel's unfaithfulness to God. Just as a wife who commits adultery betrays her husband's trust and love, Israel had betrayed God's trust and love by turning to false gods and engaging in idolatry. The people had abandoned their covenant relationship with God and had chosen to worship other gods, which was seen as spiritual adultery. Therefore, Hosea's accusation of harlotry was a powerful image that conveyed the severity of Israel's sin and the urgency of their need to repent and turn back to God.

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Peter and John were arrested and imprisoned because they were preaching the gospel of Jesus. In the New Testament, Peter and John were followers of Jesus who were boldly proclaiming his message of salvation and healing in the temple courts. They had recently healed a man who had been lame from birth, which drew a large crowd of people to them. The religious leaders of the time, who felt threatened by their teachings, had them arrested and put in jail. The next day, they were brought before the religious council and questioned about their preaching. Peter and John courageously testified to their faith in Jesus, despite the threat of punishment or death. This story illustrates the persecution faced by early Christians for spreading the gospel message, and the courage required to stand firm in their beliefs.

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At the country of the Gerasenes, Jesus healed the man who had demons. In the New Testament, there is a story of a man who lived among the tombs and was possessed by many demons. When Jesus arrived in the area, the man came to him, and Jesus cast the demons out of him and into a herd of pigs. The pigs then ran off a cliff and drowned in the sea. This story is often used to illustrate Jesus' power over evil spirits and his compassion for those who are suffering.

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Jesus' teaching on swearing is that Christians should not swear at all. Jesus taught that swearing by anything, whether by heaven or by earth or by any other thing, comes from evil and is unnecessary. Instead, Jesus instructed his followers to let their "yes" be "yes" and their "no" be "no," meaning that they should simply speak the truth and be honest in their dealings with others, without needing to add any oaths or promises. By doing so, Christians demonstrate integrity and trustworthiness, and avoid falling into the trap of making false promises or using deceitful language.

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In the book of Genesis, it is written that God made two great lights, the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night. This means that the two lights, the sun and the moon, have been created to rule over the day and the night respectively. They also demarcate the difference between day and night and provide light to the world. The sun is responsible for giving light and heat during the day, while the moon reflects the sun's light to illuminate the night sky. This cycle of day and night, governed by the sun and the moon, has been a fundamental part of the natural world since the beginning of time.

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According to Paul, Christians should forgive one another so that Satan may not gain advantage over them. This means that forgiveness is an important aspect of spiritual warfare. Unforgiveness can create bitterness and division among believers, which can give Satan a foothold in their lives and in the church. By forgiving one another, believers can maintain unity and resist the devil's schemes. Forgiveness is also a reflection of God's character, and by forgiving others, Christians demonstrate God's love and mercy to the world.

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In the teachings of Peter, the importance of love is emphasized in various ways. Firstly, love covers a multitude of sins, meaning that when we love others, we are able to forgive and overlook their mistakes and shortcomings. This leads to a more peaceful and harmonious community, as love brings together all believers, regardless of their differences. Additionally, love is not limited to Christians only but extends to all people, as it is a reflection of God's love for humanity. Finally, Peter also teaches that love leads to eternal life, as it is through our love for God and others that we are able to fulfill our purpose and receive the promise of salvation. Therefore, love is essential in the teachings of Peter as it is the foundation of a healthy and fulfilling life, both in the present and for eternity.

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The parable of the wheat and the tares is a story told by Jesus in the Bible to illustrate the coexistence of good and evil in the world. In the story, a man sowed wheat in his field, but an enemy came and sowed tares (weeds) among the wheat. When the wheat sprouted and began to grow, the tares also grew up with them. The man's servants asked him if they should pull out the tares, but he told them to let them grow together until the harvest, when they would be separated and the wheat would be gathered into the barns while the tares would be burned. This parable teaches that both good and evil exist in the world, and it is not always possible to distinguish them or separate them completely. It is also a warning against judging or trying to eliminate perceived "enemies" prematurely, as this can cause harm to the innocent as well. Ultimately, the parable illustrates the idea that the final judgment and separation of good and evil will occur at the end of time, when God will separate the righteous from the wicked.

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David spared the life of King Saul at Ziph for several reasons. Firstly, Saul was anointed by God, which meant he was chosen to be king by divine appointment. Secondly, Saul was a fellow Israelite, and David did not want to harm his own people. Thirdly, David did not want to shed blood unnecessarily, and he believed that God would deal with Saul in his own way and time. Finally, David was Saul's son-in-law, and he had a personal relationship with him, which may have influenced his decision to spare his life. Overall, David's decision was based on his respect for God, his loyalty to his people, his desire to avoid bloodshed, and his personal relationship with Saul.

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In the story of the feeding of the five thousand people, Jesus had compassion on them because they were like sheep without a shepherd. This means that they were lost and in need of guidance and care, much like a flock of sheep without a shepherd to lead them. The people had come to hear Jesus teach and to be healed, but they had no one to guide them or provide for their needs. The passage emphasizes Jesus' compassion for the people and his desire to meet their needs, both physical and spiritual. He not only fed them with the five loaves and two fishes but also taught them and healed those who were sick. This story shows Jesus' love and care for all people, especially those who are lost and in need of guidance and support.

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According to the Gospel of Matthew, the first two disciples that Jesus called were Peter and Andrew. They were brothers and fishermen by trade, working on the Sea of Galilee when Jesus saw them and called out to them, saying, "Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men" (Matthew 4:19). The two brothers immediately left their nets and followed Jesus, becoming his disciples.

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The statement "Son of man, stand upon your feet, and I will speak with you" was made during the call of Ezekiel. This statement was part of a vision that Ezekiel had in which he saw a great storm coming from the north, accompanied by lightning and fire. In the midst of this storm, he saw four living creatures and a throne made of sapphire, and he heard a voice calling out to him to stand up and listen. The voice identified itself as the voice of God, and it instructed Ezekiel to go to the people of Israel and speak the word of the Lord to them. The call of Ezekiel marked the beginning of his prophetic ministry, in which he spoke out against the sins of the people and warned them of the impending judgment of God.

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James teaches that Christians should ask for the wisdom of God in faith, because it is necessary for their salvation. Enduring trials may lead to growth and maturity, but it is the wisdom of God that ultimately leads to salvation. It is not a right that can be claimed, but rather a gift that is received by asking in faith. Therefore, the key is to seek the wisdom of God with a humble heart, acknowledging our need for it, and trusting in God's faithfulness to provide it.

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When the ark of the covenant was brought before Israel and King Solomon, it contained the two tablets of stone on which the Ten Commandments were written. The ark was a sacred container that symbolized the presence of God among His people. The tablets of stone were the most important contents of the ark because they contained the divine law that God had given to Moses on Mount Sinai. The rod of Moses and the image of a serpent were associated with earlier events in Israel's history, but they were not present in the ark when it was brought before Solomon. Therefore, the ark of the covenant was a powerful symbol of Israel's covenant relationship with God, and the tablets of stone were a reminder of the importance of obeying God's commands.

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The correct answer is A because Jesus said whoever would put his hands into a plough, and look back, is not fit for the kingdom of God.

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The question "Is it because there are no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness?" was asked by the Israelites when the Egyptians marched after them. According to the book of Exodus in the Bible, after the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt, they were pursued by the Egyptians who changed their minds about releasing them. The Israelites were afraid and felt trapped when they saw the Egyptian army coming after them. They complained to Moses, asking why he had brought them out of Egypt only to die in the wilderness. This is when the question about graves in Egypt was asked.

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The words "Behold, I am about to do a thing in Israel" were spoken by God to Samuel the prophet. This statement can be found in 1 Samuel 3:11-14, where God calls out to Samuel in the middle of the night and tells him that he is about to punish the house of Eli the priest for their wickedness. God reveals to Samuel that he has chosen him to be a prophet and to deliver this message to Eli and his sons, Hophni and Phinehas.

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The apostles and elders chose Judas and Silas from among them to accompany Paul and Barnabas to Antioch. They were chosen to deliver a letter to the believers in Antioch, clarifying the issue of whether Gentile converts needed to follow Jewish customs and laws. Judas and Silas were known as leaders in the church, and they had the support and approval of the apostles and elders.

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According to Peter, when the chief shepherd is manifested, Christians will obtain the unfading crown of glory. This means that those who have put their faith in Jesus Christ will receive a reward for their faithful service to Him. The crown of glory is a symbol of honor and victory that believers will receive as a result of their perseverance in following Christ. This reward is not based on their own merit, but on God's grace and the work of Christ on their behalf. Christians will not only enjoy the crown of glory in the future, but they will also experience the presence and power of Christ in their lives today.

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Paul admonished the Romans to live a new life in Christ by yielding themselves to God as men who have been brought from death to life. This means that they should live their lives in a way that reflects their new identity as Christians who have been saved by Christ's death and resurrection. By surrendering themselves to God, they acknowledge that they are no longer slaves to sin and that their lives are now under the control of God's grace. This new life in Christ should be marked by obedience to God's commands, love for others, and a desire to grow in their faith.