Sociology - 0495 CIE

What Are Crime, Deviance And Social Control?

Muhtasari

Spitting in the street, eating with your hands, marrying more than one person, dyeing your hair green: in one society these are perfectly normal, in another they are shocking, and in a third they will get you arrested. Sociologists draw a sharp line between breaking the law and simply breaking the unwritten rules of a group, and that line moves depending on where you are, who you are with and what year it is. This topic teaches you to think about rule-breaking the way an examiner wants: precisely, and without assuming your own culture sets the standard for everyone.

You will learn to define crime and deviance, to show how deviance is relative rather than fixed, and to map the agencies that keep us in line. Some are formal, with the power of the state behind them, such as the police and the courts. Others are informal and far more constant, such as a disapproving parent, a teacher's frown or a friend who stops messaging you. By the end you will be able to explain how a society holds itself together without most of us ever meeting a police officer.

Malengo

  1. Definitions of crime and deviance.
  2. The relativity of crime and deviance: crime and deviance vary within and between societies, cultures, situations and across time.
  3. Formal agencies of social control: the police, courts, armed forces, government, penal system.
  4. How formal agencies control individuals and prevent crime and deviance.
  5. Informal agencies of social control: family, education, workplace, peer group, traditional and digital media, religion.
  6. How informal agencies control individuals and prevent crime and deviance.

Maelezo ya Somo

Every society has rules, and every society has people who break them. The interesting sociological question is not simply who offends, but how a society decides what counts as an offence in the first place, and how it pressures most people to behave most of the time without using force. Get the core ideas of this topic right, the difference between crime and deviance, the relativity of deviance, and the two types of social control, and you have the toolkit you need for the whole Crime section. Examiners reward candidates who define these terms precisely and who never assume one culture's rules are universal.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la What Are Crime, Deviance And Social Control?. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Which statement best describes the difference between crime and deviance? A. They mean exactly the same thing B. Crime breaks the law; deviance breaks social norms C. Deviance is always illegal; crime is not D. Only crime brings social disapproval Answer: B
  2. A soldier who kills an enemy in wartime is usually honoured rather than punished. This best illustrates that deviance is relative to: A. social class B. the situation C. gender D. age Answer: B
  3. Which of the following is a FORMAL agency of social control? A. The peer group B. The family C. The courts D. Religion Answer: C
  4. Receiving a medal for bravery is an example of a: A. formal positive sanction B. informal negative sanction C. formal negative sanction D. informal positive sanction Answer: A
  5. The fact that tattoos were once widely disapproved of but are now mainstream shows that deviance varies: A. between cultures B. by situation C. over time D. by gender Answer: C

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
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Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
Msaidizi wa kujifunza wa AI
Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

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