Polymers
Muhtasari
Plastics are everywhere, from drink bottles to clothing, and almost all of them are polymers: giant molecules built by joining thousands of small units together. Understanding how these long chains form, from simple alkenes, explains both their usefulness and their environmental challenges.
In this lesson you will learn what a polymer and a monomer are, how many alkene monomers join by addition polymerisation to make a polymer such as poly(ethene), and why the strength of these molecules also makes their waste so hard to dispose of.
Malengo
- Define polymers as large molecules built up from many smaller molecules called monomers.
- Describe the formation of poly(ethene) as an example of addition polymerisation using ethene monomers.
- State that plastics are made from polymers.
- Describe how the properties of plastics have implications for their disposal.
- Describe the environmental challenges caused by plastics, limited to: (a) disposal in landfill sites (b) accumulation in oceans (c) formation of toxic gases from burning.
- [Supplement] Identify the repeat units and / or linkages in addition polymers and in condensation polymers.
- [Supplement] Deduce the structure or repeat unit of an addition polymer from a given alkene and vice versa.
- [Supplement] Deduce the structure or repeat unit of a condensation polymer from given monomers and vice versa, limited to: (a) polyamides from a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine (b) polyesters from a dicarboxylic acid and a diol.
- [Supplement] Describe the differences between addition and condensation polymerisation.
- [Supplement] Describe and draw the structure of: (a) nylon, a polyamide O O O O C C N N C C N N H H H H (b) PET, a polyester O O O O C C O O C C O O The full name for PET, polyethylene terephthalate, is not required.
- [Supplement] State that PET can be converted back into monomers and re-polymerised.
- [Supplement] Describe and draw the structure of proteins as: H O H O N C N C N C H O.
Maelezo ya Somo
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Polymers. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- A polymer is a large molecule made by joining many: A. Atoms of one element B. Monomers C. Salts D. Acids Answer: B
- The monomer used to make poly(ethene) is: A. Ethane B. Ethene C. Ethanol D. Ethanoic acid Answer: B
- In addition polymerisation, the monomers join because their: A. -OH groups react B. Double bonds open C. Single bonds break D. Acids neutralise Answer: B
- In addition polymerisation, the number of products formed is: A. Only the polymer B. The polymer and water C. The polymer and carbon dioxide D. Two polymers Answer: A
- A major environmental problem with addition polymers is that they: A. Dissolve in water B. Do not break down easily C. Evaporate quickly D. React with air Answer: B
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Polymers? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
Pakua Programu Kwenye Google Playstore
Kila kitu unachohitaji ili kufaulu katika JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
