Design & Technology: Product Design - 9252 OxfordAQA

Environmental, Social And Economic Challenge

Muhtasari

In the 1970s a shortage made a certain material expensive overnight, and manufacturers who had never thought about the weight of a drinks can suddenly had a reason to. The can that used to weigh over 80 grams now weighs about a third of that, and every gram came off because somebody was forced to look. Nobody set out to reduce material use for its own sake. A constraint arrived, and it turned into forty years of design improvement.

This lesson is about that mechanism. The specification asks how three named challenges, deforestation, resource depletion such as water and minerals, and a possible increase in carbon dioxide levels leading to potential global warming, might present opportunities and constraints that influence the processes of designing and making. Both words matter. A challenge closes some options and opens others, and a designer who can only see the closing half is answering half the question. This is designing and making principles content, examined in Section C of Paper 1, which carries half the marks on the paper.

Malengo

  1. The environment, social and economic challenges that influence design and making. How the following might present opportunities and constraints that influence the processes of designing and making:
  2. deforestation
  3. resource depletion e.g., water, minerals
  4. possible increase in carbon dioxide levels leading to potential global warming.

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Maelezo ya Somo

Read the specification's sentence carefully, because the whole topic is in its shape. It does not ask what the environmental problems are; that is the ecological and social footprint topic. It asks how those problems present opportunities and constraints that influence the processes of designing and making. In other words, it asks what actually lands on a designer's desk.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Environmental, Social And Economic Challenge. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Which of the following does the specification name as an example of resource depletion? A. Acid rain B. Global dimming C. Minerals D. Planned obsolescence Answer: C
  2. For which product is most of the carbon dioxide released during the use phase rather than in manufacture? A. A cardboard carton B. A refrigerator C. A wooden chair D. A set of steel shelves Answer: B
  3. A lamp drawing 8 watts replaces one drawing 40 watts, used for 2 hours a day for 5 years. How much electrical energy is saved? A. 11.7 kilowatt hours B. 58.4 kilowatt hours C. 116.8 kilowatt hours D. 146 kilowatt hours Answer: C
  4. Which design response most directly addresses the depletion of mineral resources? A. Bonding dissimilar materials for strength B. Specifying recycled metal and designing for disassembly C. Increasing the wall thickness of a moulding D. Adding a decorative finish Answer: B
  5. Bamboo is often specified as a response to deforestation because it A. is a hardwood. B. is a grass that regrows in a few years. C. cannot be recycled. D. contains no carbon. Answer: B

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