Fuels
Muhtasari
The petrol in a car, the kerosene in a jet, the bitumen under a road and the gas on a stove all start as the same black, sticky liquid pumped from underground. Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons, and turning it into these very different useful products is one of the great industrial achievements of chemistry.
In this lesson you will learn what the fossil fuels are, why methane is the main part of natural gas, and how petroleum is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. You will follow how boiling point, chain length, volatility and viscosity change up the fractionating column, and learn the main use of each fraction.
Malengo
- Name the fossil fuels: coal, natural gas and petroleum.
- Name methane as the main constituent of natural gas.
- State that hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only.
- State that petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
- Describe the separation of petroleum into useful fractions by fractional distillation.
- Describe how the properties of fractions obtained from petroleum change from the bottom to the top of the fractionating column, limited to: (a) decreasing chain length (b) higher volatility (c) lower boiling points (d) lower viscosity.
- Name the uses of the fractions as: (a) refinery gas fraction for gas used in heating and cooking (b) gasoline / petrol fraction for fuel used in cars (c) naphtha fraction as a chemical feedstock (d) kerosene / paraffin fraction for jet fuel (e) diesel oil / gas oil fraction for fuel used in diesel engines (f) fuel oil fraction for fuel used in ships and home heating systems (g) lubricating oil fraction for lubricants, waxes and polishes (h) bitumen fraction for making roads.
Maelezo ya Somo
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Fuels. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- What is the main constituent of natural gas? A. Ethane B. Methane C. Propane D. Hydrogen Answer: B
- Petroleum is best described as: A. a compound of carbon B. a single hydrocarbon C. a mixture of hydrocarbons D. an element Answer: C
- Going up the fractionating column, the boiling point of the fractions: A. increases B. decreases C. stays the same D. first rises then falls Answer: B
- Which fraction is used as jet fuel? A. Bitumen B. Petrol C. Kerosene D. Refinery gas Answer: C
- Which fraction is used for making roads? A. Naphtha B. Bitumen C. Diesel oil D. Lubricating oil Answer: B
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Fuels? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
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