Materials And Their Working Properties
Muhtasari
A cold chisel and a spanner are both made of steel, and if you use one as the other you will break something. The chisel is hard enough to cut steel and would shatter if you used it as a lever; the spanner bends before it breaks and would be blunt in a minute if you hit it with a hammer. Same element, same appearance, different material, because a fraction of a per cent of carbon and a few minutes in a furnace changed which properties the steel has.
This is the largest topic in the core technical principles and it is the one every other topic leans on: you cannot select a material, choose a process, apply a finish or justify a prototype without it. You will learn the main categories and types of papers and boards, of natural and manufactured timbers, of metals and alloys, and of polymers, and then the physical properties, which are absorbency, density, fusibility and electrical and thermal conductivity, and the working properties, which are strength, hardness, toughness, malleability, ductility and elasticity. The specification is explicit that the properties are examined in relation to the main categories rather than to each named material, which tells you exactly how deep to go. This is core technical principles content, examined in Section A of Paper 1, and it supplied more specimen questions than any other topic.
Malengo
- Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of papers and boards: papers including:
- bleed proof
- cartridge paper
- grid and layout paper
- tracing paper boards including:
- corrugated card
- duplex board
- foil lined board
- foam core board
- ink jet card
- solid white board.
- Natural and manufactured timbers
- Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of natural and manufactured timbers: hardwoods including:
- ash
- beech
- mahogany
- oak
- balsa softwoods including:
- larch
- pine
- spruce manufactured boards including:
- medium density fibreboard (MDF)
- plywood
- chipboard.
- Metal and alloys
- Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of metals and alloys: ferrous metals including:
- low carbon steel
- cast Iron
- high carbon/tool steel
- stainless steel non-ferrous metals and alloys including:
- aluminium
- copper
- tin
- zinc
- brass
- Polymers
- Students should have an overview of the main categories and types of polymers: thermoplastic including:
- acrylic (PMMA)
- high impact polystyrene (HIPS)
- high density polythene (HDPE)
- polypropylene (PP)
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermosetting including:
- epoxy resin (ER)
- melamine-formaldehyde (MF)
- phenol formaldehyde (PF)
- polyester resin (PR)
- urea-formaldehyde (UF).
- Material properties
- Students should understand the working and physical properties of the materials listed in Material categories (page 16).
- In relation to the main categories outlined above (not the specific materials identified), students should know and understand physical properties such as:
- absorbency (resistance to moisture)
- density
- fusibility
- electrical and thermal conductivity.
- In relation to the main categories outlined above (not the specific materials identified), students should know and understand working properties such as:
- strength
- hardness
- toughness
- malleability
- ductility
- elasticity.
Ramani ya mawazo
Mada hii imechorwa ili uone jinsi mawazo yanavyounganika.
Fungua ramani ya mawazo kwenye programu
Maelezo ya Somo
Dokezo Kamili la Somo Linapatikana kwenye Programu ya Green Bridge
Pata programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu au kompyuta yako kwa maktaba kamili ya IGCSE: mitihani ya miaka iliyopita, miongozo ya usahihishaji, ramani za mawazo, kadi za marudio na masomo ya sauti.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Materials And Their Working Properties. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which one of the following is a hardwood? A. Balsa B. Larch C. Pine D. Spruce Answer: A
- A material that can be permanently shaped by hammering without cracking is described as A. brittle. B. ductile. C. elastic. D. malleable. Answer: D
- Which one of the following is a thermosetting polymer? A. Acrylic B. High density polythene C. Polypropylene D. Urea-formaldehyde Answer: D
- Approximately how much carbon does low carbon steel contain? A. Up to about 0.3 per cent B. About 2 to 4 per cent C. About 10.5 per cent D. About 18 per cent Answer: A
- Which board is made from a polymer foam sandwiched between two card faces? A. Corrugated card B. Duplex board C. Foam core board D. Solid white board Answer: C
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