Ecosystems
Muhtasari
A rock pool, a patch of rainforest and the open ocean look nothing alike, yet each is an ecosystem: a community of living things and the non-living surroundings they depend on, all linked by the steady flow of energy and the endless recycling of matter. Pull on one thread, such as removing a top predator or a single insect, and the whole web can shift in ways no one predicted. Understanding how an ecosystem fits together is the first step to managing it without breaking it.
In this lesson you will meet the building blocks of an ecosystem, from habitat and niche to producers, consumers and decomposers, and the biotic and abiotic factors that shape life. You will trace energy through food chains, food webs and trophic levels, learn why only about a tenth of it passes between levels, and follow carbon as it cycles through photosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition and combustion.
Malengo
- 5.1.1 Describe the components of an ecosystem, limited to: (a) habitat (b) species (c) population (d) community (e) niche (f) prey (g) predator (h) apex predator.
- 5.1.2 Describe the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem, limited to: (a) biotic (living): producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers (b) abiotic (non-living): temperature, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, salinity, light, pH.
- 5.1.3 Describe biotic interactions, limited to: (a) native and invasive species (b) competition (c) predation (d) pollination.
- 5.1.4 Describe pollination, limited to: (a) the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma (b) insect pollination by an insect pollinator (c) wind pollination (d) pollination leads to fertilisation followed by seed and fruit formation. Knowledge of the structure and naming of flower parts are not required.
- 5.1.5 Describe the process of photosynthesis and the importance of chlorophyll, limited to: (a) synthesis of glucose using carbon dioxide and water (b) sunlight as the source of energy (c) chlorophyll to capture light energy (d) word equation: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.
- 5.1.6 Describe and interpret energy flow using food chains, food webs and trophic levels, limited to: (a) 10% of energy is passed between trophic levels (producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer) (b) energy lost during life processes: movement, respiration, digestion and excretion.
- 5.1.7 Describe, interpret and explain ecological pyramids based on numbers and energy.
- 5.1.8 Describe the process of aerobic respiration, limited to: (a) break down of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy, with carbon dioxide and water as waste products (b) word equation: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
- 5.1.9 Describe the carbon cycle, limited to: (a) photosynthesis (b) respiration (c) feeding (d) decomposition (e) formation of fossil fuels (f) combustion.
Maelezo ya Somo
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Ecosystems. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- All the individuals of one species living in an area are called a: A. community B. population C. habitat D. niche Answer: B
- Which of these is an abiotic component of an ecosystem? A. a decomposer B. a producer C. salinity D. a herbivore Answer: C
- Approximately what percentage of energy passes from one trophic level to the next? A. 1% B. 10% C. 50% D. 90% Answer: B
- In a food chain the arrows show the direction of: A. energy flow B. water movement C. predator escape D. decay Answer: A
- Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? A. respiration B. combustion C. photosynthesis D. decomposition Answer: C
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Ecosystems? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
Pakua Programu Kwenye Google Playstore
Kila kitu unachohitaji ili kufaulu katika JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
