Chemical Digestion
Muhtasari
The bread, meat and oil on your plate are made of giant molecules that are too big and too insoluble to cross the gut wall. Chemical digestion is the work of enzymes that cut these giants into small soluble molecules: starch into sugars, protein into amino acids, fat into fatty acids and glycerol, so they can be absorbed into your blood.
In this lesson you will learn what each digestive enzyme does, where it is made and where it acts, and the special job of stomach acid. Extended students will follow starch and protein through their exact two-step breakdown and see why bile must neutralise the acid leaving the stomach.
Malengo
- Describe chemical digestion as the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
- State the role of chemical digestion in producing small soluble molecules that can be absorbed
- Describe the functions of enzymes as follows: (a) amylase breaks down starch to simple reducing sugars (b) proteases break down protein to amino acids (c) lipase breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol
- State where, in the digestive system, amylase, protease and lipase are secreted and where they act
- Describe the functions of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to killing harmful microorganisms in food and providing an acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity
- [Supplement] Describe the digestion of starch in the digestive system: (a) amylase breaks down starch to maltose (b) maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium lining the small intestine
- [Supplement] Describe the digestion of protein by proteases in the digestive system: (a) pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach (b) trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine
- [Supplement] Explain that bile is an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action
Maelezo ya Somo
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Chemical Digestion. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which enzyme breaks down protein to amino acids? A. amylase B. lipase C. protease D. maltase Answer: C
- The products of fat digestion by lipase are: A. glucose and maltose B. amino acids C. fatty acids and glycerol D. simple sugars only Answer: C
- One function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to: A. digest protein directly B. provide an acidic optimum pH for protease C. emulsify fats D. neutralise acid Answer: B
- [Supplement] Maltose is broken down to glucose by the enzyme: A. amylase B. pepsin C. maltase D. lipase Answer: C
- [Supplement] Pepsin works best in conditions that are: A. alkaline B. neutral C. acidic D. boiling Answer: C
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Chemical Digestion? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
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