Further Pure Mathematics - 4PM1 PearsonEdexcel

Rationalising The Denominator

Muhtasari

Surds are precise, but a square root lurking in a denominator makes an expression harder to read, harder to compare and harder to simplify. Rationalising the denominator is the technique that removes every irrational part from the bottom of a fraction, leaving a clean rational number underneath.

You will learn two core moves: multiplying by the surd itself when the denominator is a single term, and multiplying by the conjugate when it contains two terms. Both rest on one elegant algebraic fact: the product of conjugate surds is always rational. Master these and you will handle every rationalisation question Edexcel can set.

Malengo

  1. Rationalise the denominator of expressions involving surds

Maelezo ya Somo

When you divide by an irrational number you get an expression that is awkward to evaluate, difficult to compare and almost impossible to simplify further. Rationalising the denominator rewrites the fraction so that only rational numbers appear below the line. The value of the expression does not change; only its form improves.

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Tathmini ya Somo

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  1. What is the conjugate of 3 + sqrt(5)? A) 3 + sqrt(5) B) 3 - sqrt(5) C) -3 + sqrt(5) D) -3 - sqrt(5) Answer: B
  2. Rationalise 1 / sqrt(2). Which is correct? A) sqrt(2) B) sqrt(2) / 4 C) sqrt(2) / 2 D) 2 / sqrt(2) Answer: C
  3. Which identity makes the conjugate method work? A) (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 B) (a + b)(a - b) = a^2 - b^2 C) a^2 + b^2 = (a + b)^2 D) (a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2 Answer: B
  4. What is 8 / (2 * sqrt(2)) in its simplest rationalised form? A) 2 * sqrt(2) B) 4 * sqrt(2) C) sqrt(2) D) 4 / sqrt(2) Answer: A
  5. Rationalise 1 / (sqrt(6) - sqrt(5)). The denominator becomes: A) 1 B) 11 C) sqrt(30) D) 6 - 5 Answer: A

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