Economics - 9214 OxfordAQA

Government Objectives

Muhtasari

A finance minister has four targets pinned above the desk: keep prices stable, keep people in work, keep the economy growing, and keep the country's trade in balance. Hitting any one of them is difficult. The genuinely hard part, and the part the examiners keep coming back to, is that hitting one can push another further out of reach.

This is the largest topic on the specification and it is the spine of Paper 2. You will learn how each of the four objectives is measured, from real GDP per head to price indices to the unemployment rate to the current account, and you will do the arithmetic that appears on every paper. You will separate growth from development, meet the four types of unemployment and the two causes of inflation, and see why a government that succeeds at growth may find its trade balance and its environment paying the bill. Finally you will look at who ends up with the income, and what a government can do to change that.

Malengo

  1. The main economic objectives of a government
  2. Conflicts arising from the pursuit of government objectives
  3. Other government objectives
  4. Moral, ethical and sustainability considerations
  5. Economic growth and development
  6. The significance of economic growth to economies
  7. Causes, costs and benefits of economic growth
  8. Government policies to achieve economic growth
  9. Economic Development
  10. Environmental and other limits to growth and development
  11. Employment and unemployment
  12. Employment and unemployment and how they are measured
  13. Types, causes and consequences of unemployment
  14. Government policies to reduce unemployment
  15. Inflation and price stability
  16. What is inflation?
  17. Measures of inflation
  18. Causes of inflation
  19. Consequences of inflation
  20. Government policies to manage inflation
  21. Balance of payments
  22. Balance of trade and balance of payments
  23. Balance of payments surpluses and deficits on the current account
  24. Government policies to influence the balance of payments
  25. Distribution of income
  26. Income and wealth inequality
  27. Causes of income and wealth inequality
  28. Consequences of income and wealth inequality
  29. Government policies to redistribute income and wealth and their consequences

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Maelezo ya Somo

Imagine you have been handed control of an economy and exactly one instrument: you may raise or lower the level of demand. Raise it and output grows and unemployment falls, which is two targets met. But firms bidding for scarce workers and materials push prices up, and richer consumers buy more imported goods, so inflation rises and the trade balance worsens. You have hit two targets by missing two others.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Government Objectives. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Which of the following is a principal economic objective of government policy? A. Maximising the profits of firms B. Raising the level of imports C. Steady economic growth D. Increasing the size of the population Answer: C
  2. Which type of unemployment is caused by workers not having the skills needed for the jobs available? A. Cyclical B. Frictional C. Seasonal D. Structural Answer: D
  3. A country's price index rises from 120.0 to 126.0 over a year. What is the annual rate of inflation? A. 4.8% B. 5.0% C. 6.0% D. 12.6% Answer: B
  4. A country has a labour force of 20 million, of whom 1.5 million are unemployed. What is the unemployment rate? A. 1.5% B. 7.5% C. 13.3% D. 75.0% Answer: B
  5. Which of the following identifies the most likely effects of a significant increase in economic growth? A. Unemployment increases, budget deficit increases B. Unemployment increases, budget deficit reduced C. Unemployment decreases, budget deficit increases D. Unemployment decreases, budget deficit reduced Answer: D

Fanyia kazi maswali haya kwenye programu

Fanyia kazi maswali haya kwenye programu

Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

OxfordAQA International GCSE Economics (9214)
OxfordAQA International GCSE Economics (9214)
Manukuu: Student Book
Mchapishaji: Oxford University Press
Mwaka: 2024
ISBN: 978-1-382-05266-5
Maelezo: The endorsed student book for the 9214 specification, written for first teaching in 2023 and first exams in 2025. Covers both units with worked case studies, practice questions and answer feedback.
Economics: The User's Guide
Economics: The User's Guide
Manukuu: A Pelican Introduction
Mchapishaji: Pelican Books
Mwaka: 2014
ISBN: 978-0-718-19703-2
Maelezo: A readable tour of how the world economy actually works and of the competing schools of thought that explain it. Useful for the evaluation marks, where a candidate who can see more than one side scores highest.
The Undercover Economist
The Undercover Economist
Mchapishaji: Abacus
Mwaka: 2007
ISBN: 978-0-349-11985-4
Maelezo: Everyday markets taken apart one at a time: coffee shops, supermarkets, rail fares and second-hand cars. The best training there is for spotting scarcity, choice and market power in an unfamiliar context.

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