Principles Of Organisation
Muhtasari
A single cell can get everything it needs straight through its surface. Make an organism out of billions of cells and that stops working: the cell in the middle is a long way from the outside world. Large organisms solved this by building levels of organisation, and by dedicating whole structures to exchanging materials with the surroundings.
In this lesson you will follow the ladder from cell to tissue to organ to organ system, and see why each rung exists. You will meet differentiation, the process by which cells that start out identical take on different jobs, and you will get a feel for the sizes involved, which is what turns this from vocabulary into understanding. It is a short piece of specification that pays for itself many times over: the definitions it gives you are reused in every biology topic that follows.
Malengo
- Large multicellular organisms develop systems for exchanging materials. During the development of a multicellular organism, cells differentiate so that they can perform different functions.
- A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function.
- Organs are made of tissues. One organ may contain several tissues.
- Organ systems are groups of organs that perform a particular function. Students should develop an understanding of size and scale in relation to cells, tissues, organs and systems.
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Principles Of Organisation. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- What is a tissue? A. A group of organs working together B. A group of cells with similar structure and function C. A structure made of several different tissues D. A single specialised cell Answer: B
- Which of these is an organ system? A. The stomach B. Muscular tissue C. The digestive system D. A gland cell Answer: C
- What happens during differentiation? A. Cells divide to produce identical copies B. Cells become specialised to perform different functions C. Cells lose their genetic material D. Cells increase in number only Answer: B
- Why do large multicellular organisms need exchange surfaces? A. Their cells do not respire B. Their surface area to volume ratio is too small C. Their cells are larger than those of small organisms D. They contain fewer types of tissue Answer: B
- How many micrometres are there in one millimetre? A. 10 B. 100 C. 1000 D. 10000 Answer: C
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