Sociology - 0495 CIE

What Are The Patterns Of And Explanations For Crime And Deviance? Continued

Muhtasari

Why do people break the rules? Sociologists have argued about this for over a century, and they do not agree. One thinker says a little crime is actually good for society; another says crime is the product of an unequal economy; a third says crime exists only because powerful people choose to label certain acts as criminal. These are not just opinions: each is a whole perspective, with its own logic, its own evidence and its own weaknesses.

This lesson is the theoretical heart of the crime section. You will work through the major perspectives, Functionalism and its subcultural and New Right offshoots, Interactionism and labelling, Marxism, Feminism and Postmodernism, and learn the argument AND the standard criticisms of each. Then you will apply them to the patterns of crime by age, class, gender and ethnicity. By the end you will be able to debate any explanation for crime the way the highest-scoring candidates do: fairly, with evidence, and without pretending any one perspective has all the answers.

Malengo

  1. Institutional racism.
  2. Prejudice and discrimination.
  3. Police targeting / stop and search.
  4. Material and relative deprivation.
  5. Stereotyping.
  6. Gang culture.
  7. Status frustration.
  8. Chivalry thesis.
  9. Culture of masculinity.
  10. Socialisation and social control.
  11. Misogyny.
  12. Stereotyping.
  13. Gang culture.
  14. Lack of opportunity.
  15. Social exclusion.
  16. Material and relative deprivation.
  17. Inadequate socialisation.
  18. Lack of opportunity.
  19. Status frustration.
  20. Power inequalities.
  21. Police targeting / stop and search.
  22. Postmodernism.
  23. Interactionism (including labelling and moral panic theory).
  24. Functionalism (including the New Right, subculturalism and strain theory).
  25. Marxism.
  26. Feminism.
  27. Age.
  28. Ethnicity.
  29. Gender.
  30. Social class.
  31. Different sociological theories.

Maelezo ya Somo

The top marks in this section go to candidates who can explain crime through the sociological perspectives and then weigh them against each other. It is not enough to know that Merton wrote about strain or that Becker wrote about labelling; you need to be able to state what each perspective claims, support it with a named study, and then give its standard criticisms. That balance, argument followed by evaluation, is exactly what the highest band of the mark scheme rewards, and it is the skill this lesson builds.

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la What Are The Patterns Of And Explanations For Crime And Deviance? Continued. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Which sociologist argued that crime is normal and performs functions such as boundary maintenance? A. Howard Becker B. Emile Durkheim C. Albert Cohen D. Otto Pollak Answer: B
  2. In Merton's strain theory, the response of using illegal means to reach society's goals is called: A. conformity B. ritualism C. innovation D. retreatism Answer: C
  3. Which perspective explains crime mainly through capitalism and the selective enforcement of the law? A. Functionalism B. Marxism C. Postmodernism D. Interactionism Answer: B
  4. An exaggerated, media-driven reaction that casts a group as a threat to society is called a: A. self-fulfilling prophecy B. moral panic C. master status D. status frustration Answer: B
  5. Cloward and Ohlin argued that the type of delinquent subculture that forms depends on: A. the weather B. access to the illegitimate opportunity structure C. the age of the police D. the size of the family Answer: B

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
Msaidizi wa kujifunza wa AI
Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
Msaidizi wa kujifunza wa AI
Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio

Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu What Are The Patterns Of And Explanations For Crime And Deviance? Continued? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.

Pakua Programu Kwenye Google Playstore

Kila kitu unachohitaji ili kufaulu katika JAMB, WAEC & NECO.

Green Bridge CBT Mobile App
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Maelfu ya Maswali ya Zamani ya IGCSE, JAMB, WAEC & NECO
Zaidi ya Madaftari ya Masomo 1200
Msaada Nje ya Mtandao - Jifunze Wakati Wowote, Popote Pale
Ratiba ya Daraja la Kijani
Muhtasari wa Fasihi na Maswali Yanayoweza Kutokea
Fuata Utendaji na Maendeleo Yako
Maelezo ya Kina kwa Kujifunza kwa Kina