Sources And Origins
Muhtasari
Nothing in a workshop starts as a sheet. The acrylic on the rack was a fraction of a barrel of crude oil pumped out of rock; the aluminium was red mud dug out of a hillside; the plywood was a tree; the card was a plantation of fast growing timber and, in some mills, straw. Between each of those and the material you can actually cut sits a process, and that process is where most of a product's cost, most of its energy and most of its footprint were already decided before a designer touched it.
This lesson covers the primary sources of materials and the main processes that convert them into workable forms. You will learn how cellulose fibres are obtained from wood and grasses and converted into paper; the seasoning and conversion of timber and how manufactured timbers are produced; the extraction and reduction of metals from their ores; and the refining of crude oil by fractional distillation and cracking to give the feedstock for polymers. The specification asks for this in depth for at least one material area, so learn all four to recognition standard and the one you build in properly. This is specialist technical principles content, examined in Section B of Paper 1, where it supplied questions 18.1 and 18.2 of the specimen paper.
Malengo
- Primary sources of materials and the main processes involved in converting into workable forms for at least one material area.
- Paper and board (how cellulose fibres are obtained from wood and grasses and converted into paper).
- Timber based materials (Seasoning, conversion and how manufactured timbers are produced).
- Metal based materials (extraction and reduction).
- Polymers (refining crude oil, fractional distillation, and cracking).
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Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
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- What is the primary source of most polymers? A. Cellulose fibres B. Crude oil C. Iron ore D. Limestone Answer: B
- Which process separates crude oil into fractions according to their boiling points? A. Cracking B. Fractional distillation C. Polymerisation D. Reduction Answer: B
- Seasoning is carried out on timber in order to A. cut the log into boards. B. remove the bark. C. reduce its moisture content. D. glue veneers together. Answer: C
- In a blast furnace, the oxygen is removed from iron oxide by A. an electric current. B. carbon monoxide. C. limestone. D. hot air alone. Answer: B
- A sample of timber weighs 750 grams wet and 600 grams after oven drying. What is its moisture content? A. 20 per cent B. 25 per cent C. 80 per cent D. 125 per cent Answer: B
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