Sociology - 0495 CIE

What Are Crime, Deviance And Social Control? Continued

Muhtasari

Not all crime looks the same. A street mugging, a company quietly cheating its customers, a fraudster draining bank accounts from another country, a gang fighting over territory: these are all crimes, yet they differ in who commits them, who suffers and how likely they are to ever reach a courtroom. Sociologists sort crime into types so they can ask sharper questions, and they quickly discover something unsettling: the crime we can count is only a fraction of the crime that actually happens.

This lesson maps the main types of crime and then turns to a harder problem: how do we know how much crime there is at all? You will compare the three ways societies measure crime, weigh the strengths and weaknesses of each, and meet the famous dark figure of crime, the huge mass of offending that is never reported or recorded. By the end you will treat every crime statistic with the careful suspicion an examiner rewards.

Malengo

  1. Violent crime.
  2. Property crime.
  3. White-collar/corporate crime.
  4. Expressive crime.
  5. Instrumental crime.
  6. Gang crime.
  7. Green crime.
  8. Global crime, e.g. organised crime.
  9. Cyber crime.
  10. Hate crime.
  11. Domestic crime.
  12. Measurements of crime: official statistics, self-report studies, victim surveys (local and national).
  13. Strengths and limitations of each measurement of crime.
  14. The problem of unreported and unrecorded crime.

Maelezo ya Somo

Before you can explain why people offend, you need to know what kinds of crime exist and how much of each there really is. Both questions are trickier than they look. Some crimes, such as a burglary, are obvious and often reported; others, such as fraud inside a respected company, are hidden by the very people best placed to commit them. If you simply trust the official figures you will draw the wrong conclusions, because those figures leave out an enormous amount of offending. Mastering the types of crime and the problems of measuring it is the foundation for everything that follows in this section, and examiners reward candidates who can name the right type and who treat statistics with caution.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la What Are Crime, Deviance And Social Control? Continued. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. A manager secretly takes money from their employer's accounts over several years. This is best described as: A. corporate crime B. white-collar crime C. expressive crime D. green crime Answer: B
  2. Which method of measuring crime asks people, usually anonymously, to admit to offences they have committed? A. Official statistics B. A victim survey C. A self-report study D. A police caution Answer: C
  3. The dark figure of crime refers to: A. crimes committed at night B. crime that is not reported or not recorded C. the number of repeat offenders D. crimes solved by the police Answer: B
  4. Smashing a bus shelter purely for the thrill of it is an example of: A. instrumental crime B. corporate crime C. expressive crime D. white-collar crime Answer: C
  5. Which is the main strength of victim surveys compared with official statistics? A. They cover every crime ever committed B. They reach crime that was never reported to the police C. They are produced by the police D. They never rely on memory Answer: B

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
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Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
Msaidizi wa kujifunza wa AI
Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio

Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu What Are Crime, Deviance And Social Control? Continued? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.

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