Enzymes
Muhtasari
Inside every cell, thousands of chemical reactions must happen fast enough to keep you alive, yet at a gentle 37 degrees Celsius. The molecules that make this possible are enzymes: biological catalysts that speed reactions up enormously without being used up. One enzyme, catalase, can break down 40000 molecules every second.
In this lesson you will learn what enzymes are, how their active site fits a specific substrate like a lock and key, and how temperature and pH change their activity, including the irreversible damage of denaturation. At Extended level you will explain these effects in terms of shape, fit and collisions.
Malengo
- Describe a catalyst as a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction
- Describe enzymes as proteins that are involved in all metabolic reactions, where they function as biological catalysts
- Describe why enzymes are important in all living organisms in terms of a reaction rate necessary to sustain life
- Describe enzyme action with reference to the shape of the active site of an enzyme being complementary to its substrate and the formation of products
- Investigate and describe the effect of changes in temperature and pH on enzyme activity with reference to optimum temperature and denaturation
- [Supplement] Explain enzyme action with reference to: active site, enzyme-substrate complex, substrate and product
- [Supplement] Explain the specificity of enzymes in terms of the complementary shape and fit of the active site with the substrate
- [Supplement] Explain the effect of changes in temperature on enzyme activity in terms of kinetic energy, shape and fit, frequency of effective collisions and denaturation
- [Supplement] Explain the effect of changes in pH on enzyme activity in terms of shape and fit and denaturation
Maelezo ya Somo
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Enzymes. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- An enzyme is best described as a: A. carbohydrate catalyst B. protein that acts as a biological catalyst C. fat that speeds reactions D. mineral ion Answer: B
- The part of an enzyme that binds the substrate is the: A. cell wall B. active site C. ribosome D. nucleus Answer: B
- Above its optimum temperature an enzyme is: A. activated B. denatured C. dissolved D. used up Answer: B
- An enzyme acts on only one type of substrate because: A. it is used up B. its active site has a complementary shape to that substrate C. it raises the temperature D. it is an acid Answer: B
- Which statement about a catalyst is correct? A. it is used up in the reaction B. it slows reactions down C. it is not changed by the reaction D. it only works once Answer: C
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Enzymes? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
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