Business - 9225 OxfordAQA

The Elements Of The Marketing Mix: Price, Product,

Muhtasari

In June 2007 Apple put the first iPhone on sale in the United States at 599 dollars for the larger model. Ten weeks later it cut the price to 399 dollars, and after complaints from the people who had queued on the first day it offered them a 100 dollar store credit. Nothing had gone wrong. The company had deliberately charged the people who wanted it most, first, at the price they were willing to pay, and then dropped to the price that would reach everybody else. The awkward part was that both groups could read the news.

This is the largest topic in the marketing section and it carries fourteen specification statements. You will work through all four elements of the mix: the five pricing methods and what decides which one fits, how products are developed and differentiated and how they age through the product life cycle, the promotional methods and what governs the choice between them, and the channels through which a product reaches a customer, including e-commerce. The last idea is the one that turns a list into an answer: the four elements have to agree with each other, and a case study that describes one of them changing is really telling you that the other three are now wrong.

Malengo

  1. Pricing methods.
  2. The factors that influence pricing decisions.
  3. Product.
  4. Developing new products.
  5. Product differentiation.
  6. The product life cycle.
  7. Product portfolio.
  8. Promotional methods.
  9. Factors influencing the selection of the promotional mix.
  10. Place:
  11. the different channels of distribution used by businesses.
  12. e-Commerce.
  13. Integrated nature of the marketing mix.
  14. Using the marketing mix to inform and implement business decisions.

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Maelezo ya Somo

The people who paid 599 dollars in June and the people who paid 399 dollars in September bought the same telephone. What separated them was how much they wanted it and how long they were willing to wait, and Apple built a pricing plan around that difference. It is the clearest example there is of the point this topic keeps making: price is not a number derived from cost, it is a decision about which customers you are talking to.

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Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. USP is a marketing term. What do the initials USP stand for? A. Usual Sales Price B. Unique Selling Point C. United Supply Partnership D. Universal Standard Product Answer: B
  2. Which one of these pricing strategies involves setting the price low at the beginning then gradually increasing it? A. Cost-plus pricing B. Price skimming C. Penetration pricing D. Loss-leader pricing Answer: C
  3. A product costs 40 dollars to make and the business uses a mark-up of 65 per cent. What is the selling price? A. 26 dollars B. 40.65 dollars C. 66 dollars D. 105 dollars Answer: C
  4. In which stage of the product life cycle are sales high but no longer growing? A. Introduction B. Growth C. Maturity D. Decline Answer: C
  5. Which one of the following is a drawback to a producer of selling through a wholesaler? A. The wholesaler cannot reach small retailers B. The producer must make its own deliveries C. The wholesaler takes a share of the price and the producer loses contact with customers D. The producer has to hold more stock itself Answer: C

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