Isotopes
Muhtasari
You might expect every atom of an element to be identical, but many elements come in slightly different versions. These versions, called isotopes, have the same chemistry but different masses. Chlorine, for example, is a blend of two isotopes, which is why its relative atomic mass is not a whole number.
In this lesson you will learn exactly what an isotope is, why isotopes of an element behave identically in chemical reactions, and how their existence explains the average masses you see in the Periodic Table.
Malengo
- Define isotopes as different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Interpret and use symbols for atoms, e.g. ¹²₆C, and ions, e.g. ³⁵₁₇Cl⁻.
- [Supplement] State that isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration.
- [Supplement] Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from the relative masses and abundances of its isotopes.
Maelezo ya Somo
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Isotopes. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Isotopes of an element have the same number of: A. Neutrons B. Protons C. Nucleons D. Mass numbers Answer: B
- Isotopes of an element differ in their number of: A. Protons B. Electrons C. Neutrons D. Shells Answer: C
- Why do isotopes of an element react in the same way? A. They have the same number of neutrons B. They have the same electron arrangement C. They have the same mass D. They are radioactive Answer: B
- How many neutrons are in an atom of chlorine-37? (proton number 17) A. 17 B. 18 C. 20 D. 37 Answer: C
- Why is the relative atomic mass of chlorine 35.5 and not a whole number? A. Chlorine has half a neutron B. It is an average of its isotopes C. Chlorine has no isotopes D. The protons vary Answer: B
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
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