English Literature - 4ET1 PearsonEdexcel

Analysing Dramatic Techniques And Effects

Muhtasari

A novel can tell you that a room went cold. A play cannot. It has to change the light, put a stranger in the doorway, cut a line short, or let two people stand in silence for four seconds longer than is comfortable. Everything a dramatist means has to be carried by something an audience can see or hear in a room, in real time, with no narrator to help.

That constraint is the whole art. This note is the toolkit: dramatic irony, stage directions, setting and set, entrances and exits, dialogue and subtext, soliloquy, aside and chorus, the shaping of tension towards a climax, and the way acts and scenes are cut. It also covers the harder half of the skill, which is not naming a technique but saying precisely what it does to the people watching.

Malengo

  1. Understand how writers create literary effects in drama
  2. Understand and use appropriate literary terminology
  3. Analyse the language, form and structure used by a writer to create meanings and effects

Maelezo ya Somo

Prose fiction has a narrator who can enter a mind, summarise ten years, or tell you what a gesture meant. Drama has none of that. A playwright has only what can be performed: speech, silence, movement, objects, light and time. Every technique in this note is a way of getting information, feeling or judgement into an audience without a narrator, and the effect of each one depends on the fact that the audience is present, watching live, unable to turn back a page.

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Tathmini ya Somo

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  1. Dramatic irony occurs when: A) A character says the opposite of what they mean B) The audience knows something a character on stage does not C) The ending of the play is unexpected D) A character speaks alone on stage Answer: B
  2. Priestley instructs that the lighting be pink and intimate before the Inspector arrives and brighter and harder afterwards. This is an example of: A) An aside B) Subtext C) A stage direction that carries interpretation as well as instruction D) A soliloquy Answer: C
  3. Alfieri in A View from the Bridge is best described as: A) The protagonist B) A chorus figure who uses direct address C) An unreliable narrator D) A comic subplot Answer: B
  4. Which best explains why the telephone booth in A View from the Bridge is dramatically effective? A) It shows that the play is set in the 1950s B) It is visible on the set throughout but unused, so Eddie's eventual crossing to it is recognised by the audience before he dials C) It allows Alfieri to speak to the audience D) It provides comic relief before the climax Answer: B
  5. In Death and the King's Horseman, the alternation between the Yoruba scenes and the colonial scenes mainly works to: A) Give the actors time to change costume B) Establish the Yoruba world first so that the colonial scenes are read against it C) Keep the two plots entirely separate until the end D) Show that the two worlds are equally well understood by the audience Answer: B

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