Mensuration And Calculation
Muhtasari
This is the topic where knowing which formula to recall is worth as much as using it. There is no formulae sheet in any 9260 paper: the front cover lists a calculator and mathematical instruments and nothing else. Appendix 6.1 of the specification names the formulae you must carry in your head, and several of them live here: the circumference and area of a circle, Pythagoras, the three trigonometric ratios, the sine rule, the cosine rule, the area of a triangle as half ab sin C, the area of a trapezium and the volume of a prism.
You will use standard units of measure and change freely between them, including the compound units of speed and density; apply formulae for the area of triangles, parallelograms and trapezia and for the volume of a solid with a constant cross sectional area; work with the circumference and area of a circle and with composite shapes; and use Pythagoras and the trigonometric ratios in right-angled triangles in two-dimensional figures. On the Extension Tier you add surface area and volume of spheres, pyramids, cones, composite solids and frustums, the relationships between lengths, areas and volumes in similar figures, arc lengths and sectors, trigonometry in three dimensional figures, and the sine and cosine rules.
Malengo
- [Core] use standard units of measure and related concepts (length, area, volume/capacity, mass, time, money etc); change freely between related standard units (eg time, length, area, volume/capacity, mass) and compound units (eg speed and density) (Notes: 24 and 12 hour clock for times)
- [Core] know and apply formulae to calculate: area of triangles, parallelograms, trapezia; volume of 3D shapes using V = Ah where A is the constant cross sectional area and h is the height/length
- [Core] know and use the formulae: circumference of a circle = 2πr = πd; area of a circle = πr²
- [Core] calculate perimeters and areas of 2D shapes, including composite shapes
- [Extension] surface area and volume of spheres, pyramids, cones and composite solids including composite shapes and frustums of pyramids and cones (Notes: solutions in terms of π may be asked for)
- [Extension] use the relationships between lengths, areas and volumes in similar figures
- [Extension] calculate arc lengths, angles and areas of sectors of circles
- [Core] know the formula for: Pythagoras' theorem, a² + b² = c², and the trigonometric ratios sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse, cos θ = adjacent/hypotenuse and tan θ = opposite/adjacent
- [Core] apply them to find lengths and angles in right-angled triangles in two-dimensional figures
- [Extension] including 3D figures
- [Extension] know and apply the sine rule, a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C, and cosine rule, a² = b² + c² − 2bc cos A, to find unknown lengths and angles
- [Extension] know and apply Area = ½ ab sin C to calculate the area, sides or angles of any triangle
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Maelezo ya Somo
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Mensuration And Calculation. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- How many square centimetres are there in one square metre? A. 100 B. 1000 C. 10 000 D. 1 000 000 Answer: C
- A right-angled triangle has a hypotenuse of 73 cm and one other side of 48 cm. What is the third side? A. 25 cm B. 55 cm C. 61 cm D. 87 cm Answer: B
- Two similar solids have corresponding lengths 10 cm and 12 cm. The smaller has volume 500 cm^3. What is the volume of the larger? A. 600 cm^3 B. 720 cm^3 C. 864 cm^3 D. 1000 cm^3 Answer: C
- Which formula will NOT be printed on a 9260 question paper when it is needed? A. The volume of a cone B. The volume of a sphere C. The area of a circle D. The curved surface area of a cone Answer: C
- A triangle has sides 16 cm, 9 cm and 20 cm. Which rule finds the angle opposite the 20 cm side? A. Pythagoras B. The sine rule C. The cosine rule D. Half ab sin C Answer: C
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