Biology - 4BI1 PearsonEdexcel

Cycles Within Ecosystems

Muhtasari

Carbon and nitrogen are essential to every living organism, yet there is a fixed amount of each element on Earth. If these elements were not recycled, life would have run out of raw materials long ago. Instead, natural processes move carbon and nitrogen through the atmosphere, soil, water and living things in continuous loops.

In this lesson you will trace the carbon cycle from photosynthesis through respiration, decomposition and combustion, and then follow the nitrogen cycle through the specialised bacteria that convert nitrogen into forms plants can absorb. Both cycles are tested regularly on Edexcel papers, and understanding them will also help you explain human impacts on the environment.

Malengo

  1. Describe the stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion
  2. Describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria

Maelezo ya Somo

The carbon atoms in your body have been recycled countless times. Some may once have been part of a dinosaur, a prehistoric fern, or a molecule of volcanic gas. Unlike energy, which flows through ecosystems and is eventually lost as heat, chemical elements are endlessly reused. The carbon and nitrogen cycles describe the routes these atoms take - and human activity is now changing both cycles in ways that affect the whole planet.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Cycles Within Ecosystems. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? A) Respiration B) Combustion C) Photosynthesis D) Decomposition Answer: C
  2. Which type of bacteria converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas? A) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria B) Nitrifying bacteria C) Denitrifying bacteria D) Decomposers Answer: C
  3. Where are nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in leguminous plants? A) In the leaves B) In the stem C) In the root nodules D) In the flowers Answer: C
  4. Which of the following returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere? A) Photosynthesis B) Absorption by oceans C) Respiration D) Nitrogen fixation Answer: C
  5. What do nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium compounds into? A) Nitrogen gas B) Proteins C) Nitrates D) Carbon dioxide Answer: C

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Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

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