Transport
Muhtasari
A single-celled organism can rely on diffusion alone to move substances in and out, but a human body with trillions of cells cannot. Transport systems solve this problem: the circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products around the body in blood, while in plants the vascular system moves water, minerals, and sugars through xylem and phloem.
In this lesson you will learn the composition of blood, the structure and function of the heart, how arteries, veins, and capillaries differ, how the immune system defends against pathogens, and how transpiration drives the movement of water through a plant. This is one of the largest topics in the specification and appears across both Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Malengo
- Understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
- Describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant
- Describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to other parts of the plant
- Understand how water is absorbed by root hair cells
- Understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant
- Understand how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity
- Investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot
- Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
- Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
- Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin
- Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
- Understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity
- Understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms
- Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
- Explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
- Understand how factors may increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease
- Understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function
- Understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart and lungs, liver and kidneys
Maelezo ya Somo
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Transport. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A) Pulmonary artery B) Aorta C) Vena cava D) Pulmonary vein Answer: D
- What is the function of platelets? A) Carrying oxygen B) Producing antibodies C) Blood clotting at wound sites D) Transporting hormones Answer: C
- Which plant tissue transports dissolved sugars? A) Xylem B) Phloem C) Epidermis D) Palisade mesophyll Answer: B
- Which factor would DECREASE the rate of transpiration? A) Higher temperature B) Higher wind speed C) Higher humidity D) Higher light intensity Answer: C
- Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right? A) It receives more blood B) It needs to generate higher pressure for the systemic circulation C) It pumps blood to the lungs D) It contains more valves Answer: B
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge
Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.
Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Transport? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
Pakua Programu Kwenye Google Playstore
Kila kitu unachohitaji ili kufaulu katika JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
