Science Single Award - 4SS0 PearsonEdexcel

Covalent Bonding

Muhtasari

Not all atoms transfer electrons to form bonds. When two non-metal atoms meet, they often share electrons instead, creating a covalent bond. This type of bonding produces the molecules that make up water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and almost every substance in living things.

In this lesson you will learn what a covalent bond is, how to draw dot-and-cross diagrams, and why simple molecular substances have low melting points while giant covalent structures like diamond and silicon dioxide are extremely hard and have very high melting points.

Malengo

  1. Know that a covalent bond is formed between atoms by the sharing of a pair of electrons
  2. Explain why substances with a simple molecular structure are gases or liquids, or solids with low melting and boiling points
  3. Explain why substances with giant covalent structures are solids with high melting and boiling points

Maelezo ya Somo

When two non-metal atoms are close together, neither can pull electrons away from the other completely. Instead, they share one or more pairs of electrons so that both atoms achieve a stable outer shell (usually eight electrons, or two for hydrogen). The shared pair of electrons is a covalent bond.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Covalent Bonding. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. A covalent bond involves: A) Transfer of electrons B) Sharing of a pair of electrons C) Attraction between ions D) Delocalised electrons Answer: B
  2. Simple molecular substances have low boiling points because: A) The covalent bonds are weak B) The intermolecular forces are weak C) They contain ions D) They have giant structures Answer: B
  3. Which substance has a giant covalent structure? A) Water B) Carbon dioxide C) Diamond D) Sodium chloride Answer: C
  4. Graphite conducts electricity because it has: A) Ions B) Delocalised electrons C) Weak covalent bonds D) A simple molecular structure Answer: B
  5. How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form in diamond? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: D

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
Msaidizi wa kujifunza wa AI
Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Inapatikana kwenye programu ya Green Bridge

Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu yako au kompyuta yako ili kupata maelezo kamili ya masomo, maswali ya mazoezi, na mengi zaidi.

Maelezo kamili ya masomo yenye michoro
Msaidizi wa kujifunza wa AI
Soma bila mtandao, wakati wowote, mahali popote
Inapatikana kwa Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio

Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Covalent Bonding? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.

Pakua Programu Kwenye Google Playstore

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