Developments In New Materials
Muhtasari
In 2004 two researchers in Manchester pulled layers off a lump of graphite using ordinary adhesive tape until what was left was a single sheet of carbon atoms. That sheet, graphene, turned out to be the strongest material ever measured, an excellent conductor of heat and electricity, and almost transparent. Six years later the work won a Nobel Prize. Two decades on, you still cannot buy a graphene saucepan, and the reason why is the most useful lesson in this topic.
New materials do not arrive because somebody wanted them. They arrive when a process makes them possible, and they enter products only when the process makes them affordable. This lesson covers the four groups the specification names: developments made through the invention of new or improved processes, such as graphene, metal foams and titanium; alterations to perform a particular function, such as coated metals, liquid crystal displays and nanomaterials; smart materials, whose properties can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli; and composite materials, including reinforced plastics, glass reinforcement, carbon fibre reinforcement and manufactured timber boards. This is core technical principles content, examined in Section A of Paper 1, where it supplied two of the specimen paper's multiple choice questions.
Malengo
- Modern materials
- Developments made through the invention of new or improved processes. e.g. Graphene, Metal foams and Titanium.
- Alterations to perform a particular function e.g. Coated metals, Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and Nanomaterials
- Smart materials
- That materials can have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, or PH e.g. shape memory alloys, thermochromic pigments and photochromic pigments.
- Composite materials
- That composite materials are produced by combining two or more different materials to create an enhanced material. e.g. reinforced plastics, glass reinforcement (GRP) and carbon fibre reinforcement (CRP)
- manufactured timber boards. Plywood, MDF, OSB
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- A smart material is one which A. conducts electricity. B. is made from two or more materials. C. reacts to a stimulus. D. is always recyclable. Answer: C
- Which one of the following is a composite material? A. Aluminium B. Beech C. Glass reinforced plastic D. Stainless steel Answer: C
- A pigment that changes colour when the temperature rises is described as A. photochromic. B. piezoelectric. C. thermochromic. D. thermosetting. Answer: C
- Which one of the following best explains why titanium is used for surgical implants? A. It is the cheapest metal available B. It is easy to machine and weld C. It resists corrosion and the body tolerates it D. It has a higher density than steel Answer: C
- In carbon fibre reinforcement, the epoxy resin acts as A. the reinforcement. B. the matrix. C. a smart material. D. a surface finish. Answer: B
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