Chemistry (9-1) - 0971 CIE

Formulae, Functional Groups And Terminology (continued)

Muhtasari

Once you know the families of organic compounds, the next step is to describe a single molecule clearly. Chemists use several kinds of formula, each showing a different level of detail, from a bare count of atoms to a full picture of every bond.

In this lesson you will learn the difference between general, molecular, structural and displayed formulae, and meet structural isomers: different compounds that share the same molecular formula. These tools let you say exactly which molecule you mean.

Malengo

State that a homologous series is a family of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group.
State that a saturated compound has molecules in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.
State that an unsaturated compound has molecules in which one or more carbon- carbon bonds are not single bonds.
[Supplement] Describe the general characteristics of a homologous series as: (a) having the same functional group (b) having the same general formula (c) differing from one member to the next by a -CH₂- unit (d) displaying a trend in physical properties (e) sharing similar chemical properties.

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A molecular formula alone can be ambiguous, because two different molecules may contain exactly the same atoms. Choosing the right kind of formula, and recognising isomers, lets you describe organic compounds without confusion, which is essential once chains start to branch.

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Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Formulae, Functional Groups And Terminology (continued). Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

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Which type of formula shows every atom and every bond? A. Molecular B. General C. Displayed D. Empirical Answer: C
Structural isomers have the same: A. Structural formula B. Molecular formula but different structures C. Number of carbon atoms only D. Boiling point Answer: B
The structural formula of ethanol is: A. C2H6O B. CH3CH2OH C. CnH2n+1OH D. C2H4 Answer: B
How many structural isomers does C4H10 have as alkanes? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Answer: B
A molecular formula gives the: A. Order of bonding B. Actual number of each atom C. Shape of the molecule D. Rule for a series Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook

Manukuu: Fifth edition

Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press

Mwaka: 2021

ISBN: 978-1-108-95160-9

Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0620/0971 syllabus, worked examples and practical guidance.

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry

Manukuu: Fourth edition

Mchapishaji: Hodder Education

Mwaka: 2021

ISBN: 978-1-398-31050-6

Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with questions and practical work.

Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria

Sehemu ya kitabu Hydrocarbons OpenStax · Chemistry
Explain the importance of hydrocarbons and the reason for their diversity

"Chemistry: Hydrocarbons" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/20-1-hydrocarbons. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction

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