Synthetic Polymers
Muhtasari
Polymers are giant molecules built from thousands of small repeating units, and they are everywhere: the plastic bottle in your bag, the non-stick coating on a frying pan, the polyester in your school uniform. Understanding how they are made, used, and disposed of connects organic chemistry directly to environmental science.
In this lesson you will learn the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation, how to draw repeat units and deduce monomers, and why the disposal of polymers is a global environmental challenge. You will also meet biopolyesters, a newer class of polymers designed to biodegrade.
Malengo
- know that an addition polymer is formed by joining up many small molecules called monomers
- understand how to draw the repeat unit of an addition polymer, including poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene) and (poly)tetrafluoroethene
- understand how to deduce the structure of a monomer from the repeat unit of an addition polymer and vice versa
- explain problems in the disposal of addition polymers, including: - their inertness and inability to biodegrade - the production of toxic gases when they are burned.
- know that condensation polymerisation, in which a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diol, produces a polyester and water
- understand how to write the structural and displayed formula of a polyester, showing the repeat unit, given the formulae of the monomers from which it is formed including the reaction of ethanedioic acid and ethanediol:
- know that some polyesters, known as biopolyesters, are biodegradable
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Maelezo ya Somo
Dokezo Kamili la Somo Linapatikana kwenye Programu ya Green Bridge
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Synthetic Polymers. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- In addition polymerisation, the monomer must contain: A) An -OH group B) A C=C double bond C) A -COOH group D) A halogen atom Answer: B
- What is produced alongside the polymer in condensation polymerisation? A) Hydrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Water D) Nothing Answer: C
- Which polymer is made from chloroethene? A) Poly(ethene) B) Poly(propene) C) Poly(chloroethene) D) Poly(tetrafluoroethene) Answer: C
- Addition polymers are difficult to dispose of because they are: A) Soluble in water B) Radioactive C) Non-biodegradable D) Explosive Answer: C
- A polyester is formed from a dicarboxylic acid and a: A) Diamine B) Diol C) Diketone D) Dialdehyde Answer: B
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
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