History - 0470 CIE

How Was Germany Unified?

Muhtasari

In 1815 the German-speaking lands were a loose collection of thirty-nine states, the German Confederation, dominated by Austria and with no central government, no common army and no single voice. By 1871 they had become one of the most powerful nations on earth: the German Empire, proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at the palace of Versailles. At the heart of this transformation stood one man, the Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck, master of blood and iron.

In this lesson you will discover why the well-meaning Frankfurt Parliament failed in 1848 to 1849, how Bismarck used the Zollverein and Prussia's strength to take the lead, and how three carefully managed wars, against Denmark in 1864, Austria in 1866 and France in 1870 to 1871, built the German Empire step by step. You will also weigh the central question: was unification really Bismarck's personal achievement, or did deeper forces make it possible?

Malengo

  1. Why was Germany not unified in 1848-50?
  2. How did Bismarck bring about Austria’s defeat of 1866?
  3. How did Bismarck bring about France’s defeat of 1870?
  4. How far was Bismarck responsible for the unification of Germany?
  5. German nationalism
  6. The Zollverein
  7. The 1848 revolution in Prussia
  8. The setting up and eventual failure of the Frankfurt Parliament
  9. Re-establishment of Austrian influence in Germany by 1850
  10. Bismarck as Prussian Minister-President
  11. Bismarck’s foreign policy to 1871: - Schleswig-Holstein - the Austro-Prussian War and its consequences - relations with France - the Spanish Succession and the Franco-Prussian War - the creation of the German empire

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Maelezo ya Somo

The unification of Germany created the most powerful state in Europe and shifted the balance of the whole continent, setting the stage for the rivalries that led to the First World War. For the examiner it is a perfect test of cause and judgement: how far was a single man, Bismarck, responsible, and how far did economic strength, Prussian power and good fortune do the work? Learn this topic well and you can answer the recurring how far was an individual responsible question with confidence.

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Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

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  1. The Zollverein was a: A. Prussian army reform B. Customs union led by Prussia C. German parliament D. Peace treaty with Austria Answer: B
  2. Why did the Frankfurt Parliament fail to unite Germany in 1848 to 1849? A. Austria invaded it B. It had no real power and could not agree C. France declared war D. Bismarck dissolved it Answer: B
  3. In which year did Prussia defeat Austria at the Battle of Koniggratz? A. 1864 B. 1866 C. 1870 D. 1871 Answer: B
  4. Bismarck provoked France into declaring war in 1870 by editing the: A. Treaty of Prague B. Zollverein agreement C. Ems Telegram D. Frankfurt constitution Answer: C
  5. Where and when was the German Empire proclaimed? A. Berlin, 1866 B. Frankfurt, 1848 C. The Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, 18 January 1871 D. Vienna, 1864 Answer: C

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level History
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level History
Manukuu: Second edition
Mchapishaji: Hodder Education
Mwaka: 2018
ISBN: 978-1-5104-2178-3
Maelezo: Endorsed textbook for the 0470/0977 syllabus with sources, enquiry questions and exam-style practice.
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level History Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level History Coursebook
Manukuu: Second edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2018
ISBN: 978-1-108-40719-9
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook covering the Core content and depth studies with sources and historical skills.

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