Science Single Award - 4SS0 PearsonEdexcel

Nutrition

Muhtasari

Every living thing needs energy and raw materials to survive. Plants capture sunlight and build glucose from carbon dioxide and water, while animals obtain their nutrients by eating other organisms and breaking food down in a specialised digestive system.

In this lesson you will explore photosynthesis in plants - including limiting factors and leaf adaptations - and then turn to human nutrition: the structure of the alimentary canal and the role of digestive enzymes. Both halves of this topic appear regularly in Papers 1 and 2.

Malengo

  1. Understand the process of photosynthesis and its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
  2. Know the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis
  3. Understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis
  4. Describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis
  5. Investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
  6. Describe the structure and function of the human alimentary canal, including the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and ileum), large intestine (colon and rectum) and pancreas
  7. Understand the role of digestive enzymes, including the digestion of starch to glucose by amylase and maltase, the digestion of proteins to amino acids by proteases and the digestion of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol by lipases

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Maelezo ya Somo

A single oak tree produces enough glucose in a year to fill a small lorry. Meanwhile, the human digestive system processes roughly 30 tonnes of food over a lifetime. Whether an organism makes its own food or eats someone else's, nutrition is the foundation of every other life process.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Nutrition. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Which gas is released as a by-product of photosynthesis? A) Carbon dioxide B) Nitrogen C) Oxygen D) Hydrogen Answer: C
  2. Which part of the leaf contains the most chloroplasts? A) Lower epidermis B) Spongy mesophyll C) Palisade mesophyll D) Waxy cuticle Answer: C
  3. Lipase breaks down lipids into: A) Glucose and starch B) Amino acids C) Fatty acids and glycerol D) Maltose Answer: C
  4. Where does most chemical digestion occur in the human body? A) Mouth B) Stomach C) Duodenum D) Large intestine Answer: C
  5. At high light intensities, increasing light further does not increase the rate of photosynthesis because: A) The plant has run out of chlorophyll B) Another factor has become limiting C) The plant is respiring too fast D) Stomata have closed Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Science Single Award Student Book
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Science Single Award Student Book
Manukuu: First edition
Mchapishaji: Pearson Education
Mwaka: 2018
ISBN: 978-0-435-19148-5
Maelezo: Endorsed student book for 4SS0.

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