Identification Of Ions And Gases (continued)
Muhtasari
Faced with an unknown solution, a chemist can name the ions in it using a short list of simple, reliable tests. A few drops of sodium hydroxide, a wisp of ammonia, a flame and a damp piece of litmus paper are enough to identify a whole range of cations and gases by the colours they produce.
In this lesson you will learn the tests for aqueous cations using sodium hydroxide and ammonia solution, the flame-test colours of the common metal ions, and the tests for six important gases. These are high-value, frequently examined practical facts, and learning the exact colours is worth easy marks.
Malengo
- Describe tests using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to identify the aqueous cations: (a) aluminium, Al³⁺ (b) ammonium, NH₄⁺ (c) calcium, Ca²⁺ (d) chromium(III), Cr³⁺ (e) copper(II), Cu²⁺ (f) iron(II), Fe²⁺ (g) iron(III), Fe³⁺ (h) zinc, Zn²⁺.
- Describe tests to identify the gases: (a) ammonia, NH₃, using damp red litmus paper (b) carbon dioxide, CO₂, using limewater (c) chlorine, Cl₂, using damp litmus paper (d) hydrogen, H₂, using a lighted splint (e) oxygen, O₂, using a glowing splint (f) sulfur dioxide, SO₂, using acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII).
- Describe the use of a flame test to identify the cations: (a) lithium, Li+ (b) sodium, Na+ (c) potassium, K+ (d) calcium, Ca2+ (e) barium, Ba2+ (f) copper(II), Cu2+.
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Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Identification Of Ions And Gases (continued). Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which cation gives a light blue precipitate with sodium hydroxide that does NOT dissolve in excess? A. Aluminium B. Copper(II) C. Zinc D. Calcium Answer: B
- Which cation gives a precipitate that dissolves in excess ammonia to form a dark blue solution? A. Iron(III) B. Copper(II) C. Calcium D. Aluminium Answer: B
- What is the flame-test colour of a potassium ion? A. Yellow B. Red C. Lilac D. Light green Answer: C
- Which gas relights a glowing splint? A. Hydrogen B. Carbon dioxide C. Oxygen D. Ammonia Answer: C
- Which gas turns damp red litmus paper blue? A. Chlorine B. Carbon dioxide C. Sulfur dioxide D. Ammonia Answer: D
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