Sciences - Co-ordinated (9-1) - 0973 CIE

Naming Organic Compounds

Muhtasari

Every organic compound has a systematic name that, once you can read it, tells you its structure at a glance. The naming rules are wonderfully logical: a stem for the number of carbon atoms and an ending for the family it belongs to.

In this lesson you will learn how the prefixes meth, eth, prop and but give the carbon count, how the endings ane, ene, ol and oic acid mark the family, and how numbers locate a feature on the chain. With these pieces you can name and interpret a wide range of compounds.

Malengo

  1. Name and draw the displayed formulae of: (a) methane and ethane (b) ethene (c) ethanol (d) ethanoic acid (e) the products of the reactions stated in sections 11.4-11.7.
  2. State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic acid or from a molecular formula or displayed formula.
  3. [Supplement] Name and draw the structural and displayed formulae of unbranched: (a) alkanes (b) a lkenes, including but-1-ene and but-2-ene (c) a lcohols, including propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol (d) carboxylic acids containing up to four carbon atoms per molecule.
  4. [Supplement] Name and draw the displayed formulae of the unbranched esters which can be made from unbranched alcohols and carboxylic acids, each containing up to four carbon atoms.

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Maelezo ya Somo

A systematic name is a compact description of a molecule. Read the name and you know how many carbon atoms there are, which family the compound belongs to and where any double bond or functional group sits. This shared language lets chemists everywhere describe the same compound without ambiguity.

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  1. The stem 'prop' in an organic name shows the molecule has: A. 1 carbon B. 2 carbons C. 3 carbons D. 4 carbons Answer: C
  2. The ending '-ol' shows a compound is a(n): A. Alkane B. Alkene C. Alcohol D. Carboxylic acid Answer: C
  3. What is the name of the alkane with two carbon atoms? A. Methane B. Ethane C. Propane D. Butane Answer: B
  4. In but-2-ene, the number 2 shows the position of the: A. -OH group B. Double bond C. Branch D. -COOH group Answer: B
  5. The ending '-oic acid' indicates a: A. Alkene B. Alcohol C. Carboxylic acid D. Alkane Answer: C

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook
Manukuu: Fifth edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-108-95160-9
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0620/0971 syllabus, worked examples and practical guidance.
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Manukuu: Fourth edition
Mchapishaji: Hodder Education
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-398-31050-6
Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with questions and practical work.

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