Physics - 0625 CIE

Electrical Quantities (continued)

Muhtasari

Every time you switch on a light, charge is pushed around a circuit by a source, gives up energy in the bulb, and returns for more. The push is the electromotive force, the energy given up per coulomb is the potential difference, and the opposition to the flow is the resistance. Master these three and you can analyse and cost almost any circuit.

In this topic you will define e.m.f. and potential difference, use voltmeters, measure and calculate resistance, and link power and energy to current and voltage. You will sketch the current-voltage graphs of a resistor, a lamp and a diode, and learn to work out the cost of running appliances in kilowatt-hours.

Malengo

Define electromotive force (e.m.f.) as the electrical work done by a source in moving a unit charge around a complete circuit
Know that e.m.f. is measured in volts (V)
Define potential difference (p.d.) as the work done by a unit charge passing through a component
Know that the p.d. between two points is measured in volts (V)
Describe the use of voltmeters (analogue and digital) with different ranges
Recall and use the equation for resistance V R = I
Describe an experiment to determine resistance using a voltmeter and an ammeter and do the appropriate calculations
State, qualitatively, the relationship of the resistance of a metallic wire to its length and to its cross-sectional area
Understand that electric circuits transfer energy from a source of electrical energy, such as an electrical cell or mains supply, to the circuit components and then into the surroundings
Recall and use the equation for electrical power P = IV
Recall and use the equation for electrical energy E = IVt
Define the kilowatt-hour (kW h) and calculate the cost of using electrical appliances where the energy unit is the kW h
[Supplement] Recall and use the equation for e.m.f. W E = Q
[Supplement] Recall and use the equation for p.d. W V = Q
[Supplement] Sketch and explain the current-voltage graphs for a resistor of constant resistance, a filament lamp and a diode
[Supplement] Recall and use the following relationship for a metallic electrical conductor: (a) resistance is directly proportional to length (b) r esistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area

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Maelezo ya Somo

Electrical quantities run through every device and every electricity bill. Engineers size wires, rate appliances and design circuits using exactly these equations. In the exam this topic is rich in marks: definitions, graph sketches, and a string of calculations for resistance, power, energy and cost.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Electrical Quantities (continued). Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

The resistance of a component carrying 2 A with 12 V across it is: A. 24 ohm B. 6 ohm C. 0.17 ohm D. 10 ohm Answer: B
A voltmeter should be connected: A. in series with the component B. in parallel with the component C. before the cell only D. it does not matter Answer: B
The I-V graph of a resistor of constant resistance is: A. a curve flattening off B. a straight line through the origin C. zero one way only D. a horizontal line Answer: B
A 60 W lamp runs for 1 hour. The energy used is: A. 60 J B. 0.06 kW h C. 60 kW h D. 3600 kW h Answer: B
1 kilowatt-hour is equal to: A. 1000 J B. 3600 J C. 3.6 MJ D. 60 J Answer: C

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Physics Coursebook

Manukuu: Third edition

Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press

Mwaka: 2021

ISBN: 978-1-108-88807-3

Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0625/0972 syllabus, worked examples and practical skills.

Cambridge IGCSE Physics

Manukuu: Third edition

Mchapishaji: Hodder Education

Mwaka: 2014

ISBN: 978-1-4441-7642-1

Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with worked examples and questions.

Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria

Sehemu ya kitabu Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits OpenStax · College Physics
What drives current? We can think of various devices—such as batteries, generators, wall outlets, and so on—which are necessary to maintain a current. All such devices create a potential difference and are loosely referred to as voltage sources. When a voltage source is connected to a conductor, it

"College Physics: Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/20-2-ohms-law-resistance-and-simple-circuits. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
Sehemu ya kitabu Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference OpenStax · College Physics
When a free positive charge q q size 12{q} {} is accelerated by an electric field, such as shown in Figure 19.2 , it is given kinetic energy. The process is analogous to an object being accelerated by a gravitational field. It is as if the charge is going down an electrical hill where its electric p

"College Physics: Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/19-1-electric-potential-energy-potential-difference. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction

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Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio

Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Electrical Quantities (continued)? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.

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