The Atmosphere
Muhtasari
The thin shell of gas wrapped around our planet does an extraordinary amount of work. It gives us the oxygen we breathe, the carbon dioxide that plants need, the weather that waters our crops, and a screen that filters out the Sun's most harmful rays. Yet clean dry air is mostly just two gases, and the part that traps heat is a tiny fraction of the whole. Understanding what the atmosphere is made of, and how it is layered, is the starting point for every topic that follows on climate, pollution and human impact.
In this lesson you will learn the names and order of the four main layers, where the ozone layer sits and what it does, and the percentage make-up of clean air. You will then meet the natural greenhouse effect, the gentle warming that keeps the planet habitable, and see clearly why it is a completely different process from the thinning of the ozone layer. These foundations make the later topics on climate change, acid rain and ozone depletion far easier to master.
Malengo
- 4.1.1 Describe the structure and composition of the atmosphere, limited to: (a) the names and relative order of the layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere (b) the location of the ozone layer in the lower stratosphere (c) percentage composition of clean air: 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon and water vapour.
- 4.1.2 Define climate as the weather conditions in a location based on the weather over many years.
- 4.1.3 Describe the natural greenhouse effect, limited to: (a) solar radiation passes through the Earth’s atmosphere (b) some solar radiation is absorbed by the land and oceans, heating the Earth (c) some solar radiation is reflected back into space (d) some solar radiation is absorbed and re-emitted back to the Earth’s surface by greenhouse gases and clouds (e) this natural process warms the Earth enough to support life.
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la The Atmosphere. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which gas makes up about 78% of clean dry air? A. Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide C. Nitrogen D. Argon Answer: C
- In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur? A. Stratosphere B. Troposphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere Answer: B
- The ozone layer is found in the lower part of the: A. Troposphere B. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere D. Thermosphere Answer: C
- Approximately what percentage of clean dry air is oxygen? A. 1% B. 21% C. 50% D. 78% Answer: B
- Which statement best describes the natural greenhouse effect? A. Ozone blocks incoming ultraviolet radiation B. Greenhouse gases absorb outgoing heat and warm the Earth C. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form acid rain D. Chlorine destroys ozone in the stratosphere Answer: B
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria
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Sehemu ya kitabu
Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change
Define global climate change
"Biology: Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/44-5-climate-and-the-effects-of-global-climate-change. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Vimechapishwa na mashirika mengine chini ya leseni huria na vinatajwa kama wanavyoomba. Viungo hufungua tovuti zao.
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