Changing Employment Structures
Muhtasari
Every job a person does, from harvesting cocoa to writing software, can be placed in one of four broad slots of the economy. As a country grows richer those slots fill up in a very predictable order: first the fields and mines empty out, then the factories swell and shrink, and finally the offices, shops and laboratories take over. Read the balance of those slots and you can read how developed a country is.
In this lesson you will learn to classify any job into the primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary sector, follow the Clark-Fisher shift from a low-income to a high-income economy, and weigh the land, labour, raw materials, energy, transport, markets, policy and technology that decide where a factory or office actually ends up.
Malengo
- Classification of different industries: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
- The changing employment structure of low-income countries (LICs), middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs).
- Factors influencing the location and distribution of different types of industries: land, labour, raw materials, energy, transportation, markets, political policies, technology, communications, containerisation.
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Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Changing Employment Structures. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which job belongs to the primary sector? A. car assembly worker B. teacher C. fish trawler crew D. software developer Answer: C
- The quaternary sector is best described as: A. extracting raw materials B. manufacturing goods C. providing basic services D. high-technology research and information Answer: D
- As a country develops, the share of employment in the primary sector usually: A. rises steadily B. falls C. stays the same D. always reaches 50 per cent Answer: B
- An industry that uses heavy, bulky raw materials is most likely to locate: A. near the market B. near skilled graduates C. close to the raw materials D. anywhere, as it is footloose Answer: C
- A country with most workers in the tertiary and quaternary sectors is most likely: A. a low-income country B. a newly industrialised country C. a high-income country D. primary product dependent Answer: C
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