Global Citizenship - 4GL1 PearsonEdexcel

Human Rights

Muhtasari

In 1948, three years after a war that had killed tens of millions of people, the newly formed United Nations tried to write down, in thirty short articles, what every human being everywhere was entitled to simply by being human. That document still shapes how governments, courts and citizens argue about rights today, and it still divides opinion on some of the hardest questions in politics: are rights truly universal, and what happens when a right is written down but not enforced?

In this lesson you will study the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the different categories of rights it contains, examine the genuine debate over whether human rights can be truly universal across different cultures, and consider what duties citizens carry alongside their own rights.

Malengo

Human rights; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the nature and types of human rights from civil and political to economic, social and cultural
Differing cultural interpretations of human rights; human rights during conflict, humanitarian intervention and peacekeeping
Duties of citizens to respect the rights and freedoms of others and the law

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Maelezo ya Somo

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948 in Paris, three years after the end of the Second World War and the revelation of the Holocaust. A drafting committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, with members from a range of countries and legal traditions, produced a text of thirty articles setting out rights and freedoms said to belong to every person, everywhere, without distinction of race, sex, language, religion or any other status. It was adopted with no country voting against it, though several abstained, and it remains, more than seventy years later, the single most widely cited human rights document in the world.

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Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Human Rights. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

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In what year, and in which city, was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN General Assembly? A) 1945, San Francisco B) 1948, Paris C) 1950, Geneva D) 1966, New York Answer: B
Which of the following is an example of an economic, social and cultural right? A) The right to a fair trial B) The right to vote C) The right to education D) Freedom from torture Answer: C
Which best describes the legal status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? A) A binding treaty every UN member state must ratify B) A declaration adopted by the UN General Assembly, without binding treaty status on its own C) A ruling of the International Court of Justice D) A resolution of the UN Security Council Answer: B
Cultural relativism, in the context of human rights, refers to: A) The view that human rights are the same in every country by law B) The view that moral standards, including rights, are shaped by and should be judged within their own cultural context C) A treaty protecting cultural heritage sites D) The process of translating the UDHR into different languages Answer: B
Which article of the UDHR states that everyone has duties to the community and that rights are exercised subject to limitations respecting the rights of others? A) Article 1 B) Article 19 C) Article 25 D) Article 29 Answer: D

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Global Citizenship Student Book

Manukuu: First edition

Mchapishaji: Pearson Education

Mwaka: 2019

ISBN: 978-0-435-19154-6

Maelezo: Endorsed student book for the 4GL1 specification with case studies and project guidance.

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