Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Water-related Diseases

Muhtasari

Some of the deadliest diseases in human history travel by water. A child can fall ill from a single mouthful of contaminated water; a village can be devastated by mosquitoes breeding in a nearby pond. Yet these same diseases are among the most preventable on Earth. Clean water, a proper toilet, a bed net and a vaccine can stop an epidemic before it starts.

In this lesson you will learn how two very different water-related diseases spread: cholera, carried in water fouled by human waste, and malaria, carried by a mosquito that breeds in water. You will study the strategies that control each one, from handwashing and chlorination to bed nets and insecticides, and learn to weigh up which works best in a given situation, exactly as the exam asks.

Malengo

3.3.1 Describe how mosquitoes spread malaria, limited to: (a) female Anopheles mosquitoes as the vector (b) malaria Plasmodium parasite transmitted to humans when bitten by an infected mosquito (c) the malaria parasite is transmitted to non-infected mosquitoes when they feed on the blood of infected humans.
3.3.2 Describe strategies to control malaria, limited to: (a) personal protection: nets, insect repellent, vaccination and antimalarial drugs (b) vector control: cover or drain breeding areas, spraying large areas with insecticides, sterilise male mosquitoes and biological control.
3.3.3 Describe strategies to control cholera, limited to: (a) handwashing (b) adequate sanitation and sewage treatment (c) potable water supply: boiling and chlorination (d) vaccination.
3.3.4 Discuss the benefits and limitations of strategies to control water-related diseases.

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Maelezo ya Somo

Water-related diseases still kill hundreds of thousands of people every year, almost all of them in places without safe water or good sanitation. Understanding how each disease is transmitted is the key to stopping it, because every control strategy works by breaking the chain of transmission at a particular point. The exam expects you to describe the spread of cholera and malaria precisely and to discuss the benefits and limitations of the strategies used against them.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Water-related Diseases. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

The organism that causes cholera is: A. Plasmodium B. Anopheles C. Vibrio cholerae D. a mosquito Answer: C
Malaria is spread to humans by: A. drinking contaminated water B. the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito C. eating infected food D. contact with faeces Answer: B
Cholera is described as a water-borne disease because it is: A. carried by an insect that breeds in water B. caught by drinking water containing the bacteria C. only found near the sea D. caused by salty water Answer: B
Which of these is a method of vector control for malaria? A. taking antimalarial drugs B. using a bed net C. draining still water where mosquitoes breed D. boiling drinking water Answer: C
Chlorinating drinking water helps to control cholera because it: A. removes the salt B. kills the bacteria in the water C. drains mosquito breeding sites D. provides a vaccine Answer: B

Fanyia kazi maswali haya kwenye programu

Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Environmental Management Coursebook

Manukuu: First edition

Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press

Mwaka: 2017

ISBN: 978-1-316-63485-1

Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0680 syllabus, case studies, fieldwork skills and exam-style questions.

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Environmental Management Workbook

Manukuu: First edition

Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press

Mwaka: 2017

ISBN: 978-1-316-63487-5

Maelezo: Companion workbook with additional data-response and practice questions across the syllabus.

Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio

Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Water-related Diseases? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.

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