Sciences - Co-ordinated (9-1) - 0973 CIE

Sexual Reproduction

Muhtasari

No two brothers or sisters are exactly alike, even with the same parents. That variety is the hallmark of sexual reproduction, where two special cells from two parents join and mix their genes to make a unique new individual.

In this lesson you will learn what sexual reproduction is, what fertilisation means, and (for the extended curriculum) how gametes are haploid while the zygote they form is diploid. You will also weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of producing varied offspring, both in the wild and in crop production.

Malengo

  1. Describe sexual reproduction as a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other
  2. Describe fertilisation as the fusion of the nuclei of gametes
  3. [Supplement] State that nuclei of gametes are haploid and that the nucleus of a zygote is diploid
  4. [Supplement] Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction: (a) to a population of a species in the wild (b) to crop production

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Maelezo ya Somo

Sexual reproduction is the source of variation in living things, and variation is the raw material of evolution and of selective breeding. Understanding gametes, fertilisation and the haploid/diploid chromosome story underpins genetics, and comparing it with asexual reproduction is a common exam question.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Sexual Reproduction. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of the nuclei of: A. two body cells B. two gametes C. one gamete and one body cell D. two zygotes Answer: B
  2. Fertilisation is defined as the: A. division of a body cell B. fusion of the nuclei of gametes C. growth of a zygote D. production of spores Answer: B
  3. The nucleus of a gamete is: A. diploid B. haploid C. has no chromosomes D. has double the chromosomes Answer: B
  4. A zygote is formed when two gametes fuse. The zygote nucleus is: A. haploid B. diploid C. has no nucleus D. identical to one parent Answer: B
  5. An advantage of sexual reproduction is that the offspring show: A. no variation B. variation C. identical genes D. fewer chromosomes than the parents Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Manukuu: Fifth edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-108-74880-2
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0610/0970 syllabus, practical investigations and exam-style questions.
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Manukuu: Fourth edition
Mchapishaji: Hodder Education
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-5104-7864-0
Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with clear biological diagrams and questions.

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