Manufacturing Accounts
Muhtasari
Most businesses you have studied so far buy goods and sell them again unchanged. A manufacturer is different: it takes raw material, adds labour and other costs, and makes the goods it sells. That extra activity needs an extra statement, the manufacturing account, whose single job is to work out exactly what it cost to produce the finished goods during the year. Get that figure right and the rest of the financial statements fall neatly into place.
In this lesson you will learn to tell direct costs from indirect ones, build up the prime cost and then the cost of production, and adjust for goods left half-finished at the year end. You will see how the cost of production flows into the income statement to give gross profit, and how the leftover inventories appear in the statement of financial position. Master this and you can read a factory's accounts with confidence.
Malengo
- direct and indirect costs.
- direct material, direct labour, prime cost and factory overheads.
- how to make adjustments for work in progress.
- how to calculate factory cost of production.
- how to prepare manufacturing accounts, statements of profit or loss and statements of financial position.
- how to make adjustments to financial statements as detailed in 5.1 (sole traders).
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Manufacturing Accounts. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which of the following is a direct cost in a manufacturing account? A. Factory rent B. Depreciation of factory machinery C. Wages of workers who make the product D. Office salaries Answer: C
- Opening raw material inventory $8 000, purchases $50 000, carriage inwards $2 000, closing raw material inventory $6 000. What is the cost of material consumed? A. $52 000 B. $54 000 C. $56 000 D. $58 000 Answer: B
- Prime cost $164 000 and factory overheads $38 000. Opening work in progress $5 000 and closing work in progress $7 000. What is the cost of production? A. $200 000 B. $202 000 C. $204 000 D. $209 000 Answer: A
- Which item is NEVER included in a manufacturing account? A. Direct expenses B. Revenue C. Indirect factory wages D. Carriage on raw material Answer: B
- Cost of production $475 000 for 20 000 completed units. What is the cost per unit? A. $19.00 B. $23.75 C. $25.00 D. $42.10 Answer: B
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