Biological Molecules
Muhtasari
The food you eat, the muscles you move and the enzymes that digest your lunch are all built from the same handful of chemical elements. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen combine in different arrangements to produce carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, the three families of biological molecule that underpin virtually every process in a living cell.
In this lesson you will learn the structure of each molecule family, discover how enzymes catalyse reactions with lock-and-key specificity, investigate how temperature and pH affect enzyme activity, and master the food tests that identify glucose, starch, protein and lipid in the laboratory.
Malengo
- Identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
- Describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units
- Investigate food samples for the presence of glucose, starch, protein and fat
- Understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
- Understand how temperature changes can affect enzyme function, including changes to the shape of active site
- Investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature
- Understand how enzyme function can be affected by changes in pH altering the active site
- Investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in pH
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Maelezo ya Somo
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Biological Molecules. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which elements are present in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates? A) Carbon and oxygen B) Hydrogen and oxygen C) Nitrogen (and sometimes sulfur) D) Phosphorus Answer: C
- What is the building block of proteins? A) Fatty acids B) Monosaccharides C) Amino acids D) Nucleotides Answer: C
- Which food test reagent is used to detect starch? A) Benedict's solution B) Biuret solution C) Iodine solution D) Ethanol Answer: C
- What happens to an enzyme at temperatures above its optimum? A) It works faster B) It divides C) Its active site changes shape permanently (denaturation) D) It dissolves Answer: C
- A triglyceride is made from: A) Three amino acids and one fatty acid B) One glycerol and three fatty acids C) Three glucose molecules D) One glucose and three amino acids Answer: B
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria
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Sehemu ya kitabu
Enzymes
Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways
"Biology: Enzymes" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/6-5-enzymes. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Sehemu ya kitabu
Carbohydrates
Discuss the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals and plants
"Biology: Carbohydrates" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/3-2-carbohydrates. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Vimechapishwa na mashirika mengine chini ya leseni huria na vinatajwa kama wanavyoomba. Viungo hufungua tovuti zao.
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Biological Molecules? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
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