Diseases And Immunity (continued)
Muhtasari
Cholera can turn a healthy person dangerously ill within hours, not by destroying tissue, but by a single clever toxin that hijacks the way water moves in the gut. It is a striking case study in how a microscopic bacterium, contaminated water and the physics of osmosis combine to cause disease.
This is an Extended-tier topic. In this lesson you will learn what cholera is and how it spreads, and then follow the exact chain of events by which the cholera toxin causes the severe, watery diarrhoea that makes the disease so dangerous.
Malengo
- [Supplement] Describe cholera as a disease caused by a bacterium which is transmitted in contaminated water
- [Supplement] Explain that the cholera bacterium produces a toxin that causes secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine, causing osmotic movement of water into the gut, causing diarrhoea, dehydration and loss of ions from the blood
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Diseases And Immunity (continued). Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Cholera is caused by a: A. virus B. bacterium C. fungus D. protein Answer: B
- Cholera is transmitted mainly through: A. the air B. direct skin contact C. contaminated water D. insect bites Answer: C
- [Supplement] The cholera toxin causes the secretion of which ions into the small intestine? A. sodium ions B. chloride ions C. calcium ions D. hydrogen ions Answer: B
- [Supplement] Water moves into the gut in cholera by the process of: A. active transport B. diffusion of ions C. osmosis D. respiration Answer: C
- The most important treatment for a dehydrated cholera patient is: A. rehydration with water and salts B. a high-fat diet C. exercise D. a blood transfusion of red cells Answer: A
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
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