Physics - 0625 CIE

Thermal Properties And Temperature

Muhtasari

Bridges are built with gaps so they do not buckle in summer, kettles stay at 100 degrees while they boil, and a wet finger feels cold in a breeze. All three are thermal physics in action: expansion, change of state, and the cooling caused by evaporation.

In this lesson you will explain thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, describe melting, boiling, condensation and evaporation in terms of particles and energy, and calculate energy changes using specific heat capacity. You will also see why evaporation cools and how to speed it up.

Malengo

Describe, qualitatively, the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases at constant pressure
Describe some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion
Know that a rise in the temperature of an object increases its internal energy
Describe melting and boiling in terms of energy input without a change in temperature
Know the melting and boiling temperatures for water at standard atmospheric pressure
Describe condensation and solidification in terms of particles
Describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more-energetic particles from the surface of a liquid
Know that evaporation causes cooling of a liquid
[Supplement] Explain, in terms of the motion and arrangement of particles, the relative order of magnitudes of the expansion of solids, liquids and gases as their temperatures rise
[Supplement] Describe an increase in temperature of an object in terms of an increase in the average kinetic energies of all of the particles in the object
[Supplement] Define specific heat capacity as the energy required per unit mass per unit temperature increase; recall and use the equation ∆E c = m∆θ
[Supplement] Describe experiments to measure the specific heat capacity of a solid and a liquid
[Supplement] Describe the differences between boiling and evaporation
[Supplement] Describe how temperature, surface area and air movement over a surface affect evaporation
[Supplement] Explain the cooling of an object in contact with an evaporating liquid

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Maelezo ya Somo

Heating changes a material's size, state and internal energy, and examiners test all three. Expansion explains engineering choices, the specific heat capacity equation is a reliable calculation, and evaporative cooling links particle ideas to everyday experience. Getting the particle explanations right earns the harder marks.

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For the same temperature rise, the greatest expansion is shown by: A. solids B. liquids C. gases D. all expand equally Answer: C
During boiling, the energy supplied is used to: A. raise the temperature B. break the bonds between particles C. increase the pressure D. cool the liquid Answer: B
Evaporation cools a liquid because: A. the slowest particles escape B. the most energetic particles escape, lowering the average energy C. the liquid gains energy D. the temperature rises Answer: B
How much energy raises 2 kg of water by 10 C? (c = 4200 J/(kg C)) A. 8400 J B. 21 000 J C. 84 000 J D. 4200 J Answer: C
Water boils at standard atmospheric pressure at: A. 0 C B. 50 C C. 100 C D. 273 C Answer: C

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Physics Coursebook

Manukuu: Third edition

Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press

Mwaka: 2021

ISBN: 978-1-108-88807-3

Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0625/0972 syllabus, worked examples and practical skills.

Cambridge IGCSE Physics

Manukuu: Third edition

Mchapishaji: Hodder Education

Mwaka: 2014

ISBN: 978-1-4441-7642-1

Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with worked examples and questions.

Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria

Sehemu ya kitabu Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids OpenStax · College Physics
The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion , the change in size or volume of a given mass with temperature. Hot air rises because its volume increases, which causes the hot air’s density to be smaller than the density of surrounding ai

"College Physics: Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/13-2-thermal-expansion-of-solids-and-liquids. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
Sehemu ya kitabu Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling OpenStax · College Physics
The expression “it’s not the heat, it’s the humidity” makes a valid point. We keep cool in hot weather by evaporating sweat from our skin and water from our breathing passages. Because evaporation is inhibited by high humidity, we feel hotter at a given temperature when the humidity is high. Low hum

"College Physics: Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/13-6-humidity-evaporation-and-boiling. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction

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