Biology - 0610 CIE

Homeostasis

Muhtasari

Whether you are sunbathing or shivering in the snow, your core body temperature stays close to 37 degrees Celsius. Whether you have just eaten a sugary meal or skipped breakfast, your blood glucose stays within narrow limits. This steady internal world is called homeostasis, and your body works constantly to maintain it.

In this lesson you will learn what homeostasis is, how negative feedback keeps conditions near a set point, how insulin and glucagon control blood glucose, how Type 1 diabetes is treated, and how the skin keeps your temperature constant through sweating, shivering, vasodilation and vasoconstriction.

Malengo

  1. Describe homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment
  2. State that insulin decreases blood glucose concentration
  3. [Supplement] Explain the concept of homeostatic control by negative feedback with reference to a set point
  4. [Supplement] Describe the control of blood glucose concentration by the liver and the roles of insulin and glucagon
  5. [Supplement] Outline the treatment of Type 1 diabetes
  6. [Supplement] Identify in diagrams and images of the skin: hairs, hair erector muscles, sweat glands, receptors, sensory neurones, blood vessels and fatty tissue
  7. [Supplement] Describe the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in mammals in terms of: insulation, sweating, shivering and the role of the brain
  8. [Supplement] Describe the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in mammals in terms of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of arterioles supplying skin surface capillaries

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Maelezo ya Somo

Enzymes that run every cell reaction only work well within a narrow range of temperature and concentration. Homeostasis keeps those conditions steady so the reactions of life can continue reliably. Blood glucose control and temperature control are favourite exam topics, and both rely on the same idea: negative feedback.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Homeostasis. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant: A. external environment B. internal environment C. body mass D. heart rate Answer: B
  2. After a sugary meal the blood glucose level rises, and the pancreas releases a hormone that brings it back down. Which hormone is this? A. glucagon B. insulin C. adrenaline D. testosterone Answer: B
  3. When the body is too hot, the skin arterioles: A. narrow (vasoconstriction) B. widen (vasodilation) C. disappear D. stop carrying blood Answer: B
  4. Shivering helps to warm the body because muscle contraction releases heat from: A. evaporation B. respiration C. digestion D. excretion Answer: B
  5. Type 1 diabetes is treated mainly with regular: A. glucagon tablets B. insulin injections C. adrenaline injections D. extra sugar Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Manukuu: Fifth edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-108-74880-2
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0610/0970 syllabus, practical investigations and exam-style questions.
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Manukuu: Fourth edition
Mchapishaji: Hodder Education
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-5104-7864-0
Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with clear biological diagrams and questions.

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