Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) - 0654 CIE

Heart

Muhtasari

Your heart beats about 70 times a minute, every minute, for your whole life, pushing blood to every organ in your body. It is a muscular pump with four chambers and a set of one-way valves that keep blood flowing in the right direction. Understanding it explains everything from your pulse to the leading cause of death worldwide.

In this lesson you will learn the structure of the mammalian heart, how it is monitored, and what coronary heart disease is. Extended students will explain why the heart's walls differ in thickness, how the valves work in sequence, and why exercise speeds the heart up.

Malengo

  1. Identify in diagrams and images the structures of the mammalian heart, limited to: muscular wall, septum, left and right ventricles, left and right atria, one-way valves and coronary arteries
  2. State that blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in veins
  3. State that the activity of the heart may be monitored by: ECG, pulse rate and listening to sounds of valves closing
  4. Investigate and describe the effect of physical activity on the heart rate
  5. Describe coronary heart disease in terms of the blockage of coronary arteries and state the possible risk factors including: diet, lack of exercise, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and sex
  6. Discuss the roles of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease
  7. [Supplement] Identify in diagrams and images the atrioventricular and semilunar valves in the mammalian heart
  8. [Supplement] Explain the relative thickness of: (a) the muscle walls of the left and right ventricles (b) the muscle walls of the atria compared to those of the ventricles
  9. [Supplement] Explain the importance of the septum in separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  10. [Supplement] Describe the functioning of the heart in terms of the contraction of muscles of the atria and ventricles and the action of the valves
  11. [Supplement] Explain the effect of physical activity on the heart rate

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Maelezo ya Somo

The heart is the engine of the whole circulatory system, and coronary heart disease is one of the biggest killers in the world. This topic blends pure structure (labelling chambers and valves) with applied biology (diet, exercise and risk), so it rewards both careful recall and clear reasoning.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Heart. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. The thick-walled chambers that pump blood out of the heart are the: A. atria B. ventricles C. valves D. veins Answer: B
  2. The wall of muscle separating the left and right sides of the heart is the: A. septum B. aorta C. valve D. atrium Answer: A
  3. [Supplement] The valves found in the aorta and pulmonary artery are the: A. atrioventricular valves B. semilunar valves C. coronary valves D. venous valves Answer: B
  4. Which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease that cannot be controlled? A. smoking B. diet C. lack of exercise D. age Answer: D
  5. The heart muscle itself is supplied with blood by the: A. pulmonary vein B. coronary arteries C. vena cava D. semilunar valves Answer: B

Fanyia kazi maswali haya kwenye programu

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Manukuu: Fifth edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-108-74880-2
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0610/0970 syllabus, practical investigations and exam-style questions.
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Manukuu: Fourth edition
Mchapishaji: Hodder Education
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-5104-7864-0
Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with clear biological diagrams and questions.

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