Nervous System
Muhtasari
Touch a pin and your hand is already moving before the sting reaches your awareness. Eat a sugary meal and, without any conscious effort, your blood glucose is brought back under control within the hour. Both are the nervous system at work, but on two very different timescales, one built for speed and one built for chemical signals that linger.
This topic covers the structure of sensory, motor and relay neurones, the basic plan of the central nervous system and the main regions of the brain, the structure of the spinal cord and reflex arc, the body's main receptor types, how an impulse is generated and crosses a synapse, and the hormones released by the pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands, the pancreas and the gonads, before comparing the nervous and hormonal systems directly.
Malengo
- Know the structure of neurones: sensory, motor and relay
- Know the basic plan of the central nervous system
- Know the main areas of the brain and their functions including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, mid brain, pituitary gland and hypothalamus
- Know the structure and functions of the spinal cord and the structure of a reflex arc
- Understand that the body contains receptors that can detect the stimuli for light, temperature, pressure/pain and taste
- Describe the pathway taken by a nerve impulse to cause a response to a stimulus
- Investigate the number and position of sensory receptors, such as touch and temperature receptors in the skin
- Understand how nerve impulses are initiated, the direction of movement of an impulse along a neurone and transmission across a synapse
- Understand the action of hormones from the pituitary (ADH and gonadotrophic hormones), adrenal (adrenaline) and thyroid glands, the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (insulin and glucagon) and the gonads, and know the role of hormones in growth and development
- Understand the differences between the nervous and hormonal systems
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Nervous System. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which type of neurone is found entirely within the central nervous system and connects a sensory neurone to a motor neurone? A) Sensory neurone B) Relay neurone C) Motor neurone D) Effector neurone Answer: B
- Which region of the brain coordinates balance and produces smooth, accurate movement? A) Cerebral hemispheres B) Hypothalamus C) Cerebellum D) Pituitary gland Answer: C
- Which hormone is released by the pancreas to raise blood glucose concentration between meals? A) Insulin B) Glucagon C) Adrenaline D) Thyroxine Answer: B
- A neurotransmitter crosses a synapse by which process? A) Active transport B) Osmosis C) Diffusion D) Filtration Answer: C
- Which of these is a feature of hormonal, but not nervous, control? A) Uses electrical impulses B) Response is very fast C) Signal travels in the blood D) Always targets one specific effector Answer: C
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria
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Sehemu ya kitabu
The Central Nervous System
Identify the spinal cord, cerebral lobes, and other brain areas on a diagram of the brain
"Biology: The Central Nervous System" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/35-3-the-central-nervous-system. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Sehemu ya kitabu
The Function of Nervous Tissue
Distinguish the major functions of the nervous system: sensation, integration, and response
"Anatomy and Physiology: The Function of Nervous Tissue" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/12-3-the-function-of-nervous-tissue. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
Vimechapishwa na mashirika mengine chini ya leseni huria na vinatajwa kama wanavyoomba. Viungo hufungua tovuti zao.
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