The Solar System
Muhtasari
Day and night, the march of the seasons, the changing face of the Moon: the great rhythms of the sky all come from a few simple motions. The Earth spins, the Earth orbits the Sun, and the Moon orbits the Earth, and from those three facts the whole pattern follows.
In this lesson you will use the Earth's tilted spin to explain day and night and the apparent motion of the Sun, its yearly orbit to explain the seasons, the Moon's monthly orbit to explain its phases, and the orbital-speed equation to calculate how fast a body moves around its orbit.
Malengo
- Know that the Earth is a planet that rotates on its axis, which is tilted, once in approximately 24 hours, and use this to explain observations of the apparent daily motion of the Sun and the periodic cycle of day and night
- Know that the Earth orbits the Sun once in approximately 365 days and use this to explain the periodic nature of the seasons
- Know that it takes approximately one month for the Moon to orbit the Earth and use this to explain the periodic nature of the Moon’s cycle of phases
- [Supplement] Define average orbital speed from the equation 2π r v = T where r is the average radius of the orbit and T is the orbital period; recall and use this equation
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la The Solar System. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Day and night are caused by the Earth: A. orbiting the Sun B. rotating on its axis C. tilting its axis D. moving towards the Sun Answer: B
- The seasons are mainly caused by: A. the Earth's distance from the Sun changing B. the tilt of the Earth's axis C. the Moon's orbit D. the Sun moving Answer: B
- The Moon takes approximately how long to orbit the Earth? A. one day B. one week C. one month D. one year Answer: C
- A body orbits at radius r with period T. Its orbital speed is: A. r/T B. 2 pi r / T C. pi r^2 / T D. T / r Answer: B
- A satellite orbits at r = 7.0 x 10^6 m with T = 6000 s. Its speed is about: A. 1200 m/s B. 7300 m/s C. 44000 m/s D. 73000 m/s Answer: B
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