Elements, Compounds And Mixtures
Muhtasari
Look at the world around you and you will see thousands of different materials, yet every one of them falls into just three categories: elements, compounds, or mixtures. Knowing which category a substance belongs to tells you a great deal about its properties and how it can be separated or combined.
In this lesson you will learn how to classify substances, discover why pure substances have sharp melting and boiling points while mixtures do not, and master five separation techniques that chemists use every day. You will also learn how to interpret chromatograms and calculate Rf values to identify unknown substances.
Malengo
- Understand how to classify a substance as an element, compound or mixture
- Understand that a pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point, but that a mixture may melt or boil over a range of temperatures
- Describe experimental techniques for the separation of mixtures: simple distillation, fractional distillation, filtration, crystallisation, paper chromatography
- Understand how a chromatogram provides information about the composition of a mixture
- Understand how to use the calculation of Rf values to identify the components of a mixture
- Investigate paper chromatography using inks/food colourings
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- Which of the following is a compound? A) Oxygen gas (O2) B) Iron (Fe) C) Water (H2O) D) Air Answer: C
- What is the best technique to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid? A) Crystallisation B) Fractional distillation C) Filtration D) Chromatography Answer: C
- A pure substance can be identified because it: A) melts over a range of temperatures B) has a sharp, fixed melting point C) always has a melting point above 100 degrees C D) has no boiling point Answer: B
- On a chromatogram, a spot travels 5.0 cm and the solvent front travels 10.0 cm. What is the Rf value? A) 2.0 B) 0.50 C) 5.0 D) 0.20 Answer: B
- Which separation technique would you use to separate ethanol from water? A) Filtration B) Crystallisation C) Fractional distillation D) Paper chromatography Answer: C
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria
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Sehemu ya kitabu
Phases and Classification of Matter
Describe the basic properties of each physical state of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
"Chemistry: Phases and Classification of Matter" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-2-phases-and-classification-of-matter. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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Sehemu ya kitabu
Colligative Properties
Express concentrations of solution components using mole fraction and molality
"Chemistry: Colligative Properties" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/11-4-colligative-properties. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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