Chemistry - 4CH1 PearsonEdexcel

Ionic Bonding

Muhtasari

Table salt, limestone, rust - all of these familiar substances are held together by ionic bonds. When a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal atom, both achieve stable outer shells and the resulting oppositely charged ions lock into a rigid lattice held by powerful electrostatic attraction.

This lesson explains how ions form, how to predict their charges from the periodic table, how to write ionic formulae, and how to draw dot-and-cross diagrams. You will also learn why ionic compounds have high melting points and why they only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved.

Malengo

  1. understand how ions are formed by electron loss or gain
  2. know the charges of these ions: - metals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 - non-metals in Groups 5, 6 and 7 - Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+ - hydrogen (H+), hydroxide (OH-), ammonium (NH4+), carbonate (CO32-), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-).
  3. write formulae for compounds formed between the ions listed above
  4. draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the formation of ionic compounds by electron transfer, limited to combinations of elements from Groups 1, 2, 3 and 5, 6, 7 only outer electrons need be shown
  5. understand ionic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions
  6. understand why compounds with giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points
  7. know that ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid, but do conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution

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Maelezo ya Somo

Metals sit on the left of the periodic table with just one, two or three electrons in their outer shell. Non-metals on the right need only a few more electrons to fill theirs. The solution is elegant: metals donate their outer electrons to non-metals, and the electrostatic pull between the resulting positive and negative ions creates one of the strongest types of chemical bond.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Ionic Bonding. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

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  1. What type of particle is formed when a sodium atom loses one electron? A) A negative ion B) A positive ion C) A molecule D) A neutral atom Answer: B
  2. What is the charge on an oxide ion? A) 1+ B) 2+ C) 1- D) 2- Answer: D
  3. Which of these ionic compounds has the formula MgCl2? A) Magnesium carbonate B) Magnesium chloride C) Manganese chloride D) Magnesium oxide Answer: B
  4. Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten because: A) The electrons are free to move B) The ions are free to move C) The molecules break apart D) The covalent bonds break Answer: B
  5. In a dot-and-cross diagram for NaCl, the chloride ion is shown with: A) 7 outer electrons B) 8 outer electrons C) 1 outer electron D) No outer electrons Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book
Manukuu: First edition
Mchapishaji: Pearson Education
Mwaka: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-435-18527-9
Maelezo: Endorsed student book covering the full 4CH1 specification.

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