Chemistry - 0620 CIE

Separation And Purification

Muhtasari

Most substances in nature come mixed with others, yet chemistry needs pure samples to work with. The art of separation is choosing the right technique for the mixture in front of you, whether that means filtering out a solid, boiling off a solvent, or using boiling-point differences to tease two liquids apart.

In this lesson you will learn the methods of filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation and fractional distillation, when to use each, and how to check whether a substance is pure using its melting and boiling points. These techniques and tests run through the whole of practical chemistry.

Malengo

  1. Describe and explain methods of separation and purification using: (a) a suitable solvent (b) filtration (c) crystallisation (d) simple distillation (e) fractional distillation.
  2. Suggest suitable separation and purification techniques, given information about the substances involved.
  3. Identify substances and assess their purity using melting point and boiling point information.

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Maelezo ya Somo

Separation and purification turn messy mixtures into usable chemicals: drinking water from sea water, fuels from crude oil, pure salt from brine. Choosing the right method, and proving a sample is pure, is a core practical skill that examiners test directly and that underpins almost every experiment you do.

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  1. Which method separates an insoluble solid from a liquid? A. Crystallisation B. Filtration C. Fractional distillation D. Simple distillation Answer: B
  2. Which method would you use to obtain pure water from salty water? A. Filtration B. Crystallisation C. Simple distillation D. Decanting Answer: C
  3. Which method best separates a mixture of ethanol and water? A. Filtration B. Fractional distillation C. Crystallisation D. Evaporation Answer: B
  4. A pure substance has a melting point that is: A. Sharp and fixed B. Spread over a wide range C. Always above 100 degrees Celsius D. Impossible to measure Answer: A
  5. The presence of an impurity in a solid usually: A. Raises and sharpens the melting point B. Lowers the melting point and spreads it over a range C. Has no effect on the melting point D. Removes the melting point Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook
Manukuu: Fifth edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-108-95160-9
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0620/0971 syllabus, worked examples and practical guidance.
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Manukuu: Fourth edition
Mchapishaji: Hodder Education
Mwaka: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-398-31050-6
Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with questions and practical work.

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