Economics (9-1) - 0987 CIE

Monetary Policy

Muhtasari

When a government wants to speed up or slow down the economy, one of its most powerful levers is the cost of money itself. Monetary policy is the deliberate use of interest rates, the money supply and the exchange rate to steer spending and investment, usually run by the central bank.

In this lesson you will learn the three monetary policy measures and the difference between loose (expansionary) and tight (contractionary) policy. You will trace, step by step, how a change in interest rates ripples through borrowing, saving and spending to hit the government's macroeconomic aims: growth, jobs, stable prices and a healthy balance of payments. By the end you will be able to explain and evaluate monetary policy like an examiner.

Malengo

  1. changes in: - interest rate - money supply - foreign exchange rate
  2. how monetary policy measures may enable a government to achieve its macroeconomic aims

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Maelezo ya Somo

Interest rate decisions affect everyone: the cost of a mortgage, the reward for saving, the level of business investment and, in turn, jobs and prices. Monetary policy is one of the most frequently tested tools in the macroeconomy because it links directly to all four government aims.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Monetary Policy. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

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  1. Which of the following is a tool of monetary policy? A. changing income tax rates B. changing government spending C. changing interest rates D. changing the minimum wage Answer: C
  2. To reduce inflation, a central bank would normally: A. lower interest rates B. raise interest rates C. increase government spending D. cut income tax Answer: B
  3. Expansionary monetary policy usually involves: A. raising interest rates B. lowering interest rates C. raising taxes D. reducing the money supply Answer: B
  4. A lower exchange rate, achieved through monetary policy, tends to: A. make exports dearer and imports cheaper B. make exports cheaper and imports dearer C. have no effect on trade D. raise interest rates automatically Answer: B
  5. A key limitation of monetary policy is that: A. it works instantly with no time lag B. low confidence can stop lower rates boosting spending C. it never affects employment D. it is controlled by firms Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Economics Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Economics Coursebook
Manukuu: Second edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2018
ISBN: 978-1-108-44038-7
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0455/0987 syllabus, diagrams and exam-style questions.
Complete Economics for Cambridge IGCSE and O Level
Complete Economics for Cambridge IGCSE and O Level
Manukuu: Third edition
Mchapishaji: Oxford University Press
Mwaka: 2018
ISBN: 978-0-19-840982-3
Maelezo: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with case studies and questions.

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