Chemical Tests
Muhtasari
When a chemist is handed an unknown substance, the first task is identification. Chemical tests provide a systematic toolkit for detecting specific gases, metal cations, and anions using simple bench reagents. Each test produces a characteristic observation, from a coloured flame to a precipitate, that narrows down what the substance contains.
In this lesson you will learn the standard tests for five common gases, the flame test colours for five metal ions, how to identify cations using sodium hydroxide solution, how to detect anions with acidified silver nitrate and barium chloride, and how to test for the presence and purity of water.
Malengo
- Describe tests for gases: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia and chlorine
- Describe how to carry out a flame test
- Know the colours formed in flame tests for Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cu2+
- Describe tests for cations using sodium hydroxide solution
- Describe tests for anions using acidified silver nitrate and acidified barium chloride solutions
- Describe a test for the presence of water using anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
- Describe a physical test to show whether a sample of water is pure
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Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
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- What colour flame does potassium produce in a flame test? A) Crimson B) Yellow C) Lilac D) Blue-green Answer: C
- Which gas relights a glowing splint? A) Hydrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Chlorine D) Oxygen Answer: D
- A few drops of NaOH solution are added to a solution and a green precipitate forms. Which ion is present? A) Cu2+ B) Fe2+ C) Fe3+ D) Al3+ Answer: B
- Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is white. What colour does it turn when water is added? A) Green B) Red C) Blue D) Yellow Answer: C
- To test for sulfate ions, you add dilute hydrochloric acid followed by: A) Silver nitrate solution B) Barium chloride solution C) Sodium hydroxide solution D) Limewater Answer: B
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